#1541329
(c) “court” means a body or organ of the judicial system of a State;
(c) "court" means a body or organ of the judicial system of a State;
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#3053626
Vincenzo Bove agus Leandro Elia, ‘The judicial system and economic development across EU Member States’, JRC Technical Report, EUR 28440 EN, Oifig Foilseachán an Aontais Eorpaigh, Lucsamburg, 2017:
Vincenzo Bove and Leandro Elia, ‘The judicial system and economic development across EU Member States’, JRC Technical Report, EUR 28440 EN, Publications Office of the EU, Luxembourg, 2017:
#2266588
Féach freisin nóta ginearálta Choiste na Náisiún Aontaithe um Chearta an Duine Uimh. 34 Airteagal 19: “Freedoms of opinion and expression”, an 12 Meán Fómhair 2011, https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/gc34.pdf agus an Tuarascáil Speisialta ón Eagraíocht um Shlándáil agus Comhar in Oifig Ionadaí na hEorpa um Shaoirse na Meán, “Legal harassment and abuse of the judicial system against the media”, an 23 Samhain 2021, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/f/505075_0.pdf
See also United Nations’ Human Rights Committee’s General comment No 34 Article 19: Freedoms of opinion and expression of 12 September 2011, https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/gc34.pdf and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media’s Special report legal harassment and abuse of the judicial system against the media, 23 November 2021, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/f/505075_0.pdf
#2266590
An Tuarascáil Speisialta ón Eagraíocht um Shlándáil agus Comhar in Oifig Ionadaí na hEorpa um Shaoirse na Meán, “Legal harassment and abuse of the judicial system against the media”, an 23 Samhain 2021, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/f/505075_0.pdf
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, Special report legal harassment and abuse of the judicial system against the media, 23 November 2021, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/f/505075_0.pdf
#2266602
Féach nóta ginearálta Choiste na Náisiún Aontaithe um Chearta an Duine Uimh. 34 Airteagal 19: “Freedoms of opinion and expression”, an 12 Meán Fómhair 2011, https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/gc34.pdf agus an Tuarascáil Speisialta ón Eagraíocht um Shlándáil agus Comhar in Oifig Ionadaí na hEorpa um Shaoirse na Meán, “Legal harassment and abuse of the judicial system against the media”, an 23 Samhain 2021, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/f/505075_0.pdf
See United Nations’ Human Rights Committee’s General comment No 34 Article 19: Freedoms of opinion and expression of 12 September 2011, https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/gc34.pdf and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media’s Special report legal harassment and abuse of the judicial system against the media, 23 November 2021, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/f/505075_0.pdf
#3052722
bheadh sé ina shárú soiléir ar phrionsabal an neamhspleáchais inmheánaigh, de réir Choimisiún na Veinéise (Coimisiún na Veinéise, Report on the independence of the judicial system, Part I: the independence of courts, Study No. 494/2008, 16 March2010, CDL-AD(2010)004, paras. [Tuarascáil maidir le neamhspleáchas an chórais bhreithiúnaigh, Cuid I: neamhspleáchas na gcúirteanna, Staidéar Uimh. 494/2008, 16 Márta 2010, CDL-AD(2010)004, míreanna ] 68 - 72).
A hierarchical organisation of the judiciary in the sense of a subordination of judges to higher instances in their judicial decision-making activity would be a clear violation of the principle of internal independence, according to the Venice Commission (Venice Commission, Report on the independence of the judicial system, Part I: the independence of courts, Study No. 494/2008, 16 March 2010, CDL-AD(2010)004, paras. 68 - 72).