Gaois

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43 results

  1. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #623993

    IATE #1254664
    géin Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Gen
    de
    gene
    en
    Definition "unit of heredity composed of DNA1 occupying a fixed position on a chromosome2 (some viral genes are composed of RNA3)1 DNA [ IATE:1073333 ]2 chromosome [ IATE:1507539 ]3 RNA [ IATE:1073359 ]" Reference "Collins English Dictionary http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gene?showCookiePolicy=true [13.11.2012]"
    Comment A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or encode an RNA molecule; or regulate the operation of other genes or repress such operation
    gène
    fr
    Definition unité élémentaire localisée en un point défini d'un chromosome, susceptible de se reproduire, de subir des mutations et de transmettre un message héréditaire Reference CILF
  2. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #629210

    IATE #1474175
    aistriú géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene transfer
    en
    Definition natural or artificial acquisition of genetic material from another organism Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: - López-García P. (2011) 'Lateral Gene Transfer' (4.11.2020). In: Gargaud M. et al. (eds) Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg- Federation of American Scientists > Agricultural Biotechnology: Safety, Security, and Ethical Dimensions > Methods of Gene Transfer in Plants (21.10.2020)"
    Comment "Deliberate gene transfer is called transgenesis.Natural gene transfer is horizontal (acquisition of genetic material from another organism without being its offspring, although it frequently refers to transfer from organisms belonging to another species) or vertical (acquisition of genetic material from an ancestor)."
  3. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #636190

    IATE #1878573
    asleagan géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    asleagan Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene knock-out | gene knockout | knockout | gene knock out
    en
    Definition "complete erasing of target genes, or inactivating them through nonsense mutations" Reference "Lakna. 'What is the Difference Between Gene Knockout and Knockdown' (26.1.2021). Pediaa"
    knock-out
    fr
  4. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology

    #617629

    IATE #1073551
    banc géinte Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Context 'Ba é an Dr. Miguel Gorriz a chríochnaigh an banc géinte ar 208 crann fuinseoige a bhí fulangach do chríonadh siar na fuinseoige, agus seoladh 1,000 géinitíopa fuinseoige Éireannach thar lear dá scagthástáil faoi dhálaí diana brú galair. ' Reference "'Tuarascáil Bhliantúil 2019 agus na Ráitis Airgeadais,' Teagasc, https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2020/Teagasc-Annual-Report-2019_Irish.pdf, [13.4.2022]"
    Gen-Biobliothek
    de
    gene library | gene bank
    en
    Definition large collection of DNA fragments cloned from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type Reference "'gene library' (7.4.2021). MeSH"
    Comment It may contain complete genomic sequences or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.
    bibliothèque de gènes | génothèque | banque de gènes
    fr
    Definition Ensemble de bactériophages hybrides contenant la totalité de l'information génétique du génome cellulaire.Ce peuvent être des banques d'ADNc ; en génétique classique, banque de génotypes conservés le plus souvent sous forme de gamètes ou d'embryons Reference BEP 83,p.118 ; arrêté du 14/09/90 relatif à la terminologie du génie génétique,JORF 26/09/90
  5. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #648699

    IATE #3543247
    córas léirithe géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    expression system | gene expression system
    en
    Definition system consisting of a gene, normally encoded by DNA, and the molecular machinery required to transcribe the DNA into mRNA and translate the mRNA into protein using the reagents provided, specifically designed for the production of a gene product of choice - normally a protein although may also be RNA, such as tRNA or a ribozyme Reference "Gene Expression System, http://www.news-medical.net/health/Gene-Expression-System.aspx [11.5.2012]"
    Comment In the broadest sense this includes every living cell but the term is more normally used to refer to expression as a laboratory tool.An expression system is therefore often artificial in some manner. Expression systems are, however, a fundamentally natural process. Viruses are an excellent example where they replicate by using the host cell as an expression system for the viral proteins and genome.
    système d'expression | système d'expression génique | système d'expression génétique
    fr
    Definition système basé sur un processus naturel, permettant de faire produire par une bactérie, un virus, une plante, une lignée cellulaire, un animal, une levure, etc., génétiquement modifié(e) à cet effet, une grande quantité d'une protéine d'intérêt qui ne lui appartient pas nécessairement (par ex. insuline) Reference Conseil-FR
  7. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science|immunology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #620194

    IATE #1128143
    géin C Reference "Faofa ag an gCoiste Téarmaíochta, www.tearma.ie Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex"
    ga
    géin thairiseach Reference "Faofa ag an gCoiste Téarmaíochta, www.tearma.ie Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex"
    ga
    C-gene | constant region gene | constant gene
    en
    Definition "gene that codes for the constant regions of a particular class of immunoglobulins" Reference "'C-gene' (1.10.2020). Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W. G. Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham 2005"
    Comment "1) A unique capacity of B-cells is to initiate rearrangement of dispersed gene segments in order to assemble a new, intact immunoglobulin gene. The V, D, and J segments rearrange to form the antigen binding variable domain of the final immunoglobulin molecule. The V (variable) gene segments encode the bulk of the variable region while the D (diversity) and J (joining) segments form a link to the C (constant) region and form a hypervariable region which contributes to antigen specificity of the antibody molecule. When successfully rearranged, the segments encode a novel antibody molecule.2) The loci encoding immunoglobulins have a unique structure.- composed of ""gene segments""- The heavy chain locus has multiple V (variable) segments, multiple D (diversity) segments, multiple J (joining) segments and multiple C (constant) segments.During maturation, one of each V, D and J segment is randomly “chosen” and used to encode the final antibody molecule."
    gène constant | gène C
    fr
    Definition gène codant le domaine constant Reference Pour la Science,novembre 1993
  8. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science|immunology

    #620193

    IATE #1128142
    géin cheangail Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    deighleog ghéin J Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    J-gene | J gene segment | joining segment
    en
    Definition "one of a number of genetic regions located upstream of the C-gene on the eukaryotic genome, that can join to a V-gene segment in the formation of an immunoglobulin light chain gene and that can join to a D gene segment, which is subsequently joined to a V gene segment, to form an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene" Reference "'J-gene' (1.10.2020). Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W. G. Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham 2005"
    gène de jonction | gène J
    fr
    Definition gène codant la région de jointure Reference Pour la Science,novembre 1993
  9. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #620607

    IATE #1141407
    géin chúlaitheach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    rezessives Gen
    de
    recessive gene
    en
    Definition "gene that produces its characteristic phenotype1 only when its allele2 is identical1 phenotype [ IATE:1254722 ]2 allele [ IATE:1254616 ]" Reference """recessive gene"". Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc., http://www.thefreedictionary.com/recessive+gene [3.11.2014]"
    gène récessif
    fr
    Definition gène allèle dont l'effet sur un caractère héréditaire est masqué par l'autre allèle s'il est dominant;Gène dont l'action se manifeste uniquement lorsqu'il est présent sur les 2 chromosomes de la paire Reference Lalanne Marcel,Gloss.de biochimie,Département de biochimie,Faculté de médecine,Université Laval,Québec,1998 ;
  11. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics

    #667079

    IATE #3627416
    géin fheidhmiúil Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    functional gene
    en
    Definition gene that encodes proteins Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Joe Nevins, Mike West. 'GENE STRUCTURE' (17.3.2022). STA 278/BGT 208: Gene Expression Analysis. Departement of Statistical Science. Duke University"
    Comment A gene, for several reasons, may be “damaged” so the function it codes for cannot be expressed (either because its translation process does not occur any more, or because the “new” protein occurring from the translation of a damaged gene is not functional any more).
  13. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #617632

    IATE #1073559
    géin frithsheasmheastachta frithmhiocróbaí Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Resistenzgen | Gen, das antimikrobielle Resistenz verleiht | AMR-Gen
    de
    resistance gene | antimicrobial resistance gene | AMR gene
    en
    Definition "gene which confers resistance to an antimicrobial on a micro-organism" Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:José L. Martínez, Teresa M. Coque & Fernando Baquero, 'What is a resistance gene? Ranking risk in resistomes' (4.12.2023), Nature Reviews Microbiology volume 13, pages 116–123 (2015)"
    Comment "See also:- antimicrobial resistant pathogen"
  14. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #636175

    IATE #1878455
    géin frithsheasta in aghaidh antaibheathach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Antibiotikaresistenz-Gen
    de
    antibiotic resistance gene | antibiotic-resistance gene | antibiotic resistance marker gene
    en
    Definition gene encoding an enzyme that degrades a specific antibiotic to harmless byproducts, protecting its possessor from the lethal effects of the chemical Reference GE and Antibiotic Resistance, 2001, GEO-PIE Project, Cornell University
    Comment "For antibiotic restistance marker gene, see IATE:318352"
    gène de résistance aux antibiotiques
    fr
  15. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #602991

    IATE #261661
    géin ghnéasnasctha Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    sex-linked gene
    en
    Definition phenomenon where a gene controlling a characteristic is located on a sex chromosome (X or Y) Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Cornell, B. 2016. 'Sex Linked Genes' (19.4.2021). BioNinja"
    gène lié au sexe
    fr
    Definition Gène localisé sur le chromosome X ou sur le chromosome Z (analogue de l'X chez les oiseaux et autres espèces où le sexe est déterminé par un mécanisme ZO ou ZW). Reference ---
  16. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #620735

    IATE #1147466
    géin hoiméabosca Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Homöobox-Gen | Homeobox-Gen
    de
    Definition Gen der Drosophila, das für die Segmentierung des Embryos verantwortlich ist; entspricht dem Homeobox-Gen der Säugetiere Reference ---
    Comment DIV: urw
    homeobox gene | homeotic gene
    en
    Definition "gene that encodes proteins that bind to specific sequences of DNA (called homeoboxes), regulate gene expression and control various aspects of morphogenesis and cell differentiation and thus influence the organism’s subsequent development" Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: - 'Tool Module: Homeotic Genes' (12.4.2021), The Brain from Top to Bottom- Mark, M., Rijli, F. & Chambon, P., 'Homeobox Genes in Embryogenesis and Pathogenesis' (12.4.2021), Pediatric Research 42, 421–429 (1997)."
    Comment Most animal homeotic genes encode transcription factor proteins that contain a region called the homeodomain and are called Hox genes.
    homéogène | gène homéotique | gène à homéobox | gène HOX | gène homéoboîte
    fr
    Definition Gène impliqué dans la morphogénèse et l'organogénèse des vertébrés comme des insectes.Il appartient à la troisième classe des gènes et sa mutation se répercute chez l'insecte adulte sur les structures formées à partir de chaque segment.Les gènes homéotiques contiennent une séquence nucléotique(boîte homéotique ou homéobox)très semblable d'un gène à l'autre codant pour une soixantaine d'acides aminés(homéoprotéine) Reference Cahier de termes nouveaux,RINT,1991
  17. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #612431

    IATE #891470
    géin Hox Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Hox-Gen
    de
    Definition Gen von Säugetieren, das für die Segmentierung des Embryos verantwortlich ist; entspricht dem Homeobox-Gen der Drosophila. Reference ---
    Comment DIV: urw
    Hox gene | Hox complex | Hox gene cluster | Hox cluster
    en
    Definition "type of homeotic gene, occurring only in animals with bilateral symmetry, which specifies the development of organs of the embryo along the head-tail axis and ensures the formation of correct structures in the correct position in the body" Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Lakna. 'Difference Between Homeobox Homeotic and Hox Genes' (12.4.2021). Pediaa"
    gène Hox
    fr
  18. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #659572

    IATE #3576690
    géin inaistrithe Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    übertragbares Gen
    de
    transferable gene
    en
    Definition gene which is encoded by a plasmid, is present in a bacterial strain and is transmissible to other bacterial species Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:Jean-Claude Piffaretti. Antibiotic resistance: the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance enhances the need of a proactive one-health approach. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2016, Vol. 363, No. 5, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw034 [27.4.2018]"
    Comment "See also: horizontal gene transfer [ IATE:1878549 ]"
    gène transmissible
    fr
    Definition gène situé sur un plasmide qui se transmet facilement d'une souche bactérienne à une autre Reference "COM-FR, d'après:Article de Futura-sciences.com > Santé > Actualités > «La résistance aux antibiotiques se répand rapidement», Claire Peltier (13.4.2011), https://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/actualites/medecine-resistance-antibiotiques-repand-rapidement-29414/ [2.7.2018]"
  19. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES|means of agricultural production|means of agricultural production|plant health product

    #666834

    IATE #3626853
    géin inaistrithe fhrithsheasmhach in aghaidh ábhar frithmhiocróbach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    transferable antimicrobial resistance gene | transferrable antimicrobial resistance gene
    en
    Definition antimicrobial resistance gene that can be transferred between different species Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Tóth, A.G., Csabai, I., Maróti, G. et al. 'A glimpse of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity in kefir and yoghurt' (3.2.2022). Sci Rep 10, 22458 (2020)."
  20. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #648495

    IATE #3541973
    géin inginiúil Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    endogenes Gen
    de
    endogenous gene
    en
    Definition gene from an organism's own genome Reference "Gene chip etc. Dr. W. B. Langdon. University of Essex School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, www.essex.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/genechip/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/genechip/> [11.4.2012]"