Gaois

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41 results

  1. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #565011

    IATE #1684876
    géin nasctha Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gekoppeltes Gen
    de
    linked gene
    en
    Definition gene found close together with another one on a chromosome and with which will tend to be inherited together and hence does not follow normal Mendelian inheritance Reference COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:- Wikipedia > Genetic linkage (13.4.2021)- Cornell, B. 2016. 'Linked Genes' (13.4.2021). BioNinja
    Comment 1) Genetic linkage is the most prominent exception to Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.2) Thomas Hunt Morgan provided a key contribution to our current understanding of gene linkage by discovering non-Mendelian ratios in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies). His breeding experiments involving fruit flies clearly demonstrated that linked genes were not independently assorted.
    gène lié
    fr
    Definition gène dont le locus est situé suffisamment près de celui d'un autre gène pour qu'ils soient cotransférés lors de la reproduction sexuée Reference Dict.de génétique,CILF,1991
  2. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #565012

    IATE #1684881
    géin neodrach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    neutrales Gen
    de
    neutral gene
    en
    Definition gene that is not affected by positive or negative selective pressures Reference OECD. Test No. 488: Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4. ISSN: 2074-5788 (online). ISBN: 9789264203907 (PDF), http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/9713251e.pdf?expires=1413541585&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=D70FC5C978E208B6186F77E45D428931 [17.10.2014]
    gène neutre
    fr
    Definition gène codant pour un caractère au niveau duquel il n'a pas été possible de mettre en évidence un quelconque avantage ou désavantage sélectif Reference Dict.de génétique,CILF,1991
  3. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #593021

    IATE #3576776
    géin nimhneachta Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Virulenzgen
    de
    virulence gene | VRG | virulence-related gene
    en
    Definition gene whose presence or activity in an organism's genome [ IATE:1073540 ] is responsible for the pathogenicity [ IATE:1535398 ] of an infective agent [ IATE:1529231 ] Reference Oxford English Dictionary > virulence gene, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/virulence_gene [23.5.2018]
    Comment See also:- virulence [ IATE:1450729 ]
    gène de virulence
    fr
    Definition forme allélique d'un gène présente chez un parasite lui permettant de manifester un certain degré de virulence à l'égard d'un hôte dépourvu de résistance vis-à-vis de ce parasite Reference Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de médecine (version 2018) > gène de virulence, http://dictionnaire.academie-medecine.fr/index.php?q=g%C3%A8ne+de+virulence [10.7.2018]
  4. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #544182

    IATE #1073411
    géin rialaitheach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    regulatorisches Element | Regulatorgen | Steuerungselement | Regulator-Gen
    de
    Definition dominantes Gen, das mittels einer von ihm gebildeten Repressorsubstanz über Aktivität oder Inaktivität eines zugeordneten Operons (funktionelle Einheit in einer DNS-Kette) entscheidet (vgl. Roche lexikon Medizin S. 1352). Reference ---
    regulator gene | regulatory gene
    en
    Definition gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes Reference Wikipedia > Regulator gene (6.4.2021)
    Comment See also:- structural gene
    gène régulateur | gène de contrôle | gène de la régulation | gène de régulation
    fr
    Definition gène dont le produit est une protéine régulatrice contrôlant l'expression de gènes de structure Reference Dictionnaire de biologie, J. Polonovski, Conseil international de la langue française (2000), ISBN: 2 85319-278-4 [15.1.2015]
    Comment Voir aussi:gène de structure [ IATE:1073327 ]
  5. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #598002

    IATE #3591865
    géin sainfhíocháin Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    tissue-specific gene
    en
    Definition gene that is expressed at higher levels in a subset of tissues relative to the baseline expression across all tissues Reference Robert Y. Yang, Jie Quan, Reza Sodaei, Francois Aguet, Ayellet V. Segrè, John A. Allen, Thomas A. Lanz, Veronica Reinhart, Matthew Crawford, Samuel Hasson, GTEx Consortium, Kristin G. Ardlie, Roderic Guigó, Hualin S. Xi. 'A systematic survey of human tissue-specific gene expression and splicing reveals new opportunities for therapeutic target identification and evaluation' (17.11.2020). bioRxiv 311563
  6. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #550343

    IATE #1222844
    géin scoilte Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Mosaikgen | gestückeltes Gen
    de
    Definition Gen, bei dem für ein Protein codierende Sequenzen (Exons IATE:1073365 ) und nicht-codierende Bereiche (Introns IATE:1073366 ) abwechselnd aufeinander folgen Reference wissen.de http://www.wissen.de/lexikon/mosaikgene (9.1.2017)
    interrupted gene | split gene
    en
    Definition gene containing coding regions (exons) that are interrupted by noncoding regions (introns) Reference 'split genes' (1.3.2021), Robert C. King, Pamela K. Mulligan, and William D. Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.), Oxford University Press, Current Online Version: 2014
    gène en mosaïque
    fr
    Definition Lors de la synthèse des protéines à partir de l' ADN complet, après la transcription de l' ARN à partir de l'ADN, les introns sont excisés et les exons sont réunis par épissage en une molécule continue Reference ---
  7. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science · SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #549522

    IATE #1196430
    géin sochta siada Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    frith-oncaigéin Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Tumorsuppressorgen | Antionkogen | Tumor-Suppressor-Gen | Tumorsuppressionsgen | Anti-Onkogen
    de
    Definition Gen, dessen Produkte die unkontrollierte Teilung genomisch geschädigter Zellen unterdrücken, und dadurch die Entstehung von Tumoren verhindern können Reference DocCheckFlexikon, s. v. „Tumorsuppressorgen“, http://flexikon.doccheck.com/de/Tumorsuppressorgen (30.9.2017)
    Comment Anti-Onkogene (Tumor-Suppressor-Gene) zählen wie Proto-Onkogene zu den normalen Genen einer gesunden Zelle. Über ihre Genprodukte kontrollieren sie das Wachstums- und Differenzierungsverhalten der Zellen und wirken im Sinne von negativen Regulatoren. Dadurch wirken sie der Tumorentstehung entgegen, weshalb sie auch als Tumor-Suppressor-Gene bezeichnet werden. Mutationen können zum Verlust dieser Funktion führen, indem ein fehlerhaftes oder gar kein Genprodukt gebildet wird. So kommt es auch hierdurch zu einem deregulierten Zellwachstum.
    anti-oncogene | tumor-suppressor gene | tumour suppressor gene | tumour-suppressor gene
    en
    Definition a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. When this gene is mutated to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes Reference Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene [28.5.2010]
    antioncogène | gène suppresseur de tumeur | anti-oncogène
    fr
    Definition il bloque le développement des cellules cancéreuses en inhibant les gènes qui participent à la transformation maligne Reference COM(88)647 final
  8. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #544147

    IATE #1073327
    géin struchtúrach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    verschlüsselter Bauplan | Strukturgen | Struktur-Gen
    de
    Definition Strukturgene codieren für die Primärstruktur der Enzymproteine.Für das An-und Abschalten der Funktion der Strukturgene ist der Operator verantwortlich.Der Promotor ist der Startpunkt der RNS-Synthese.Diese drei Gentypen bilden zusammen eine Steuereinheit die Operon heisst. Reference Spiegel 52/82
    structural gene
    en
    Definition sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a protein or for a nontranslated RNA molecule Reference David P. Clark, Nanette J. Pazdernik, Michelle R. McGehee. 'Molecular Biology' (6.4.2021). Academic Press 2019
    Comment See also:- cistron- regulator gene
    gène de structure
    fr
    Definition gène dont le produit est un enzyme ou une protéine intervenant dans la structure cellulaire Reference Dictionnaire de biologie, J. Berthet, De boeck (2006), ISBN: 978-2-8041-2798-5 [15.1.2015]
    Comment On oppose ces gènes aux gènes régulateurs et à ceux dont le produit est un ARN non traduit en protéine (ARNr ou ARNt)(Source: ibidem)Voir aussi: gène régulateur [ IATE:1073411 ]
  9. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology

    #566870

    IATE #1878625
    gunna géinte Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene-gun | gene gun
    en
    Definition apparatus used for biolistic transfections Reference Gloss. of Rice Technology, 2001, IRRI
  10. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #566865

    IATE #1878572
    inleagan géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene KI | gene knock-in
    en
    Definition genetic engineering method that involves the one-for-one substitution of DNA sequence information in a genetic locus or the insertion of sequence information not found within the locus Reference Wikipedia > Gene knock-in (13.4.2021)
    Comment The difference between knock-in technology and traditional transgenic techniques is that a knock-in involves a gene inserted into a specific locus, and is thus a "targeted" insertion. It is the opposite of gene knockout. A common use of knock-in technology is for the creation of disease models. It is a technique by which scientific investigators may study the function of the regulatory machinery (e.g. promoters) that governs the expression of the natural gene being replaced. This is accomplished by observing the new phenotype of the organism in question.
    knock-in
    fr
  11. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics

    #527997

    IATE #261542
    ionduchtú géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Induktion
    de
    gene induction | induction
    en
    Definition stimulated increase in the expression of a specific, target gene of a cellular organism Reference COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Bacteriophage Ecology Group. Induction (12.4.2021)
    Comment Most organisms are cellular organisms. Viruses, by contrast, do not consist of cells, and therefore are acellular.
    induction
    fr
    Definition En virologie, ensemble des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires conduisant au déclenchement de l'expression d'un gène spécifique étudié chez les bactéries ou les levures. Reference ---
  12. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #544232

    IATE #1073555
    léiriú na géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Genausprägung | Expression von Genen | Genexpression
    de
    Definition Realisierung der im genetischen Material vorhandenen Information durch Transkription zu RNS als primäre Genprodukte und deren Translation zu Proteinen als sekundäre Genprodukte.Im weiteren Sinne ist die Genexpression auch die Ausprägung des Phänotyps eines Individuums Reference Lex.Biochemie,p.239
    gene expression | genetic expression
    en
    Definition process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. i.e. a protein in the case of protein-coding genes or a functional RNA in the case of transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes Reference COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:Wikipedia > Gene expression (28.5.2020)
    Comment In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which genotype gives rise to the phenotype. The genetic code is "interpreted" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression products give rise to the organism's phenotype.
    expression génétique | expression de gène | expression des gènes
    fr
    Definition Manifestation physiologique quelconque conditionnée par la présence d'un gène ou d'un fragment de gène. Reference Biotechnologie,p.385
  13. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences · SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #552608

    IATE #1267205
    luch géin ar lár Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Knockout-Maus
    de
    Definition Maus, bei der mittels einer genetischen Manipulation gezielt ein oder mehrere Gene deaktiviert wurden Reference Wikipedia, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout-Maus (30.1.2009)
    Comment diese Manipulation geschieht an den embryonalen Stammzellen (von Mäusen), die dann in die Keimbahn einer Maus eingebracht werden
    knock-out mouse, knock-out mice, knockout mice, knock out mouse, knock out mice | knockout mouse
    en
    Definition genetically engineered mouse in which one or more genes have been turned off through a targeted mutation Reference Wikipedia > Knockout mouse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_mouse [26.7.2010]
    Comment Knocking out the activity of a gene provides information about what that gene normally does. Humans share many genes with mice. Consequently, observing the characteristics of knockout mice gives researchers information that can be used to better understand how a similar gene may cause or contribute to disease in humans.Wikipedia > Knockout mouse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_mouse [26.7.2010]
    souris KO | souris knock-out
    fr
    Definition souris dont on a inactivé précisément un gène Reference Banque des mots,Cilf,N°59,2000
  14. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #545874

    IATE #1106507
    measúnacht ar ghéin mharfach chúlaitheach ghnéasnasctha Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Test zur Erfassung geschlechtsgebundener rezessiver Letalmutationen | SLRL-Test
    de
    sex-linked recessive lethal test | SLRL test | sex-linked recessive lethal assay
    en
    Definition test which detects the occurrence of mutations, both point mutations and small deletions, in the germ line of the insect Drosophila melanogaster Reference COM-EN, based on: Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) CELEX:32008R0440/EN
    test de létalité récessive liée au sexe | test SLRL | épreuve de létalité récessive liée au sexe | épreuve du gène létal récessif lié au sexe | épreuve SLRL
    fr
  15. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|technology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #581104

    IATE #3541817
    modhnú géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Genveränderung
    de
    gene modification
    en
    Definition deletion, change, addition of a gene in an organism Reference COM-EN, based on:Council for Responsible Genetics. POSITION PAPER ON HUMAN GERMLINE MANIPULATION http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/ViewPage.aspx?pageId=101 [9.3.2012]
    modification génique | modification génétique
    fr
  16. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #562003

    IATE #1585822
    peiptíd gaolmhar le géin an chailceatoinin Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    calcitonin gene-related peptide | CGRP
    en
    Definition 37-amino acid neuropeptide found among neuroendocrine cells, sensory C fibers, blood vesssels and lymphoid tissues in the normal lung Reference Respiratory Research > Research > Calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulates proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells > 2009 Kawanami et al, http://respiratory-research.com/content/10/1/8 (15.7.2009)
    peptide apparenté au gène de la calcitonine | PAGC
    fr
  17. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics

    #562021

    IATE #1588413
    rialú géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Gen-Regulierung | Genregulierung
    de
    gene regulation | gene control
    en
    Definition mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of a gene Reference 'Gene regulation' (28.5.2020). Nature
    Comment These include structural and chemical changes to the genetic material, binding of proteins to specific DNA elements to regulate transcription, or mechanisms that modulate translation of mRNA.
    régulation génique | régulation génétique | régulation des gènes
    fr
  18. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #598000

    IATE #3591860
    rialúchán géine iar-aistritheach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    post-translational regulation | post-transcriptional down-regulation | post-translational gene regulation
    en
    Definition control of the gene expression into protein after RNA has been transported to the cytoplasm Reference COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: OpenStax. Biology 2e. '84 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation' (17.11.2020)
    Comment It is performed either by means of reversible events (post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or sequestration) or by means of irreversible events (proteolysis).
  19. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #555207

    IATE #1351106
    sóchán géinte Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    sóchán géine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Genmutation
    de
    Definition Form der Mutation, die durch eine Änderung der Nukleotidsequenz der Gene entsteht Reference Medizinlexikon > Genmutation, http://flexikon.doccheck.com/de/Genmutation (10.3.2017)
    gene mutation
    en
    Definition a genetic change at the level of the genes; a change in the nitrogenous base sequences Reference Biology Online http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Gene_mutation [20.9.2010]
    Comment Gene mutations may occur spontaneously during replication (called spontaneous mutations [ IATE:1254709 ]) or they may be induced through mutagens (called induced mutations).Gene mutations based on the mechanism that caused it are as follows:- base pair substitution [ IATE:1594439 ] - frame shift mutation Mutations [ IATE:1254707 ] are inherited or acquired. They can occur in a somatic cell (somatic cell mutation [ IATE:1096672 ] as well as in a germ cell (one that will give rise to gametes, i.e., egg or sperm cells). The change can be small, concerning one gene (gene mutation), or larger concerning more genes (chromosome mutation [ IATE:3524264 ]). Small changes may also concern the noncoding region of the genetic material (genetic mutation [ IATE:3524395 ]).Reference: COM-Terminology Coordination
    mutation génique | mutation de gène | mutation de gènes
    fr
  20. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #552685

    IATE #1270965
    sochtadh géinte Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Gen-Silencing
    de
    Definition „Inaktivierung von Genen [...], ohne dass sich der entsprechende DNA-Abschnitt verändert hat“ Reference BMBF, http://www.biosicherheit.de/lexikon/680.gene-silencing.html [Stand: 23.6.2011]
    gene silencing | silencing
    en
    Definition interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels Reference 'Gene silencing' (26.1.2021). lookfordiagnosis.com
    Comment Some authors consider gene silencing the same as gene knockdown while others consider it as a broader term which encompasses gene knockdown and gene knockout.
    extinction génique | extinction de gènes | silence des gènes | extinction de gène, extinction des gènes, extinction d'un gène
    fr
    Definition perte de l’expression génique, soit par altération de la séquence d’ADN d’un gène structural ou de sa région régulatrice, soit par des interactions entre son transcrit et autres ARNm présents dans la cellule Reference Glossaire de la biotechnologie pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, FAO, http://www.fao.org/glossary/spec-term-n.asp?id_glo=2326&id_lang=TERMS_F ou http://www.semencespaysannes.org/bdf/docs/glossaire_biotechnologie_fao.pdf [12.6.2012]
    Comment Chez certains organismes, l'ajout d'une copie supplémentaire d'un gène dans leur génome peut avoir un effet paradoxal et bloquer la production de la protéine qu'il code, au lieu de l'accentuer. (source: Biofutur, décembre 1999)