EARS-Net Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
ga
Definition líonra Eorpach na gcóras náisiúnta faireachais, trína gcuirtear sonraí tagartha Eorpacha ar fáil maidir le frithsheasmhacht in aghaidh ábhar frithmhicróbach ar mhaithe leis an tsláinte phoiblí Reference Comhairle-GA bunaithe ar an mBéarla
Definition European wide network of national surveillance systems, providing European reference data on antimicrobial resistance for public health purposes Reference "ECDC Portal > English > Activities > Surveillance > European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net), http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/activities/surveillance/EARS-Net/Pages/index.aspx (31.3.2011)"
Definition réseau européen de systèmes nationaux de surveillance installés dans des laboratoires et des hôpitaux, et visant à fournir des données concernant la résistance aux microbes, l’objectif étant l’amélioration de la santé publique Reference "Site web du Sénat BE - Question écrite n° 4-1339 de Louis Ide du 31/7/2008 à la vice-première ministre et ministre des Affaires sociales et de la Santé publique, http://www.senate.be/www/?MIval=/Vragen/SchriftelijkeVraag&LEG=4&NR=1339&LANG=fr (6/3/2009)"
Definition system that monitors and provides information on the prevalence and spread of major disease-causing bacteria with resistance to one or more antibiotics Reference "COM-EN based on: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) > The European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) > About, http://www.rivm.nl/earss/about/ [15.3.2010]"
Definition "genetic element(s) encoding for the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of an antimicrobial agent" Reference "Codex Alimentarius. 'Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance' (27.1.2021), CAC/GL 77-2011, page 5"
Comment "They are located either chromosomally or extra-chromosomally and may be associated with mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, integrons or transposons, thereby enabling horizontal transmission from resistant to susceptible strains. See also: antimicrobial agent (related) "
Definition élément génétique codant conférant à des microorganismes la capacité de résister aux effets d’un agent antimicrobien Reference "Codex Alimentarius. Lignes directrices pour l’analyse des risques liés à la résistance aux antimicrobiens d’origine alimentaire. CAC/GL 77-2011, http://www.codexalimentarius.org/download/standards/11776/CXG_077f.pdf [17.10.2013]"
Comment Les déterminants se situent dans un chromosome ou en dehors d'un chromosome, et peuvent être associée à des éléments génétiques mobiles, tels que des plasmides, des intégrons ou des transposons, permettant ainsi la transmission horizontale des souches résistantes aux souches vulnérables.Source: ibid. [17.10.2013]
Context "'Tá méadú ag teacht ar ""fhrithsheasmhacht in aghaidh ábhair fhrithmhiocróbacha"" rud a thuigtear mar chumas miocrorgánach teacht slán nó fás áit a bhfuil tiúchan oibreán frithmhiocróbach ar gnách gur leor é chun miocrorgánaigh den speiceas céanna a chosc nó a mharú.'" Reference "Rialachán (AE) 2016/429 maidir le galair in-tarchurtha ainmhithe agus lena leasaítear agus lena n-aisghairtear gníomhartha áirithe i réimse na sláinte ainmhithe (“Dlí maidir le Sláinte Ainmhithe”), CELEX:32016R0429/GA"
Definition Phänomen, dass sich Mikroorganismen vor dem Angriff eigentlich gegen sie gerichteter Wirkstoffe erfolgreich schützen und die entsprechende biologische oder chemische Substanz damit unwirksam machen können Reference "Antimicrobial Copper: Startseite > Warum Antimikrobielle Kupferwerkstoffe? > Antimikrobielle Resistenz, http://www.antimicrobialcopper.org/de/Resistenzen (29.8.2017)"
Comment "siehe auch erworbene antimikrobielle Resistenz Im/all"" id=""ENTRY_TO_ENTRY_CONVERTER"" target=""_blank"">IATE:912591Im/all"" id=""ENTRY_TO_ENTRY_CONVERTER"" target=""_blank"">Im Gegensatz zum Begriff Antibiotikaresistenz IATE:1073649, der sich auf Resistenzen bei Bakterien beschränkt, beschreibt AMR Resistenzen gegenüber Wirkstoffen sowohl bei Bakterien als auch bei Pilzen, Parasiten und Viren."
Definition "resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine" Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:Leo J.P. Tharappel, Ginpreet Kaur, Harpal S. Buttar. India – A New Contributor To The Pharmacovigilance Movement (6.5.2022). IJPSR (2014), Vol. 5, Issue 8"
Definition capacité pour un micro-organisme, transmise par les aliments, de se multiplier ou de résister en présence de niveaux croissants d'un agent antimicrobien Reference "COM-FR, d'après:Codex alimentarius, Lignes directrices pour l'analyse des risques liés à la résistance aux antimicrobiens d'origine alimentaire, CAC/GL 77-2011, http://www.codexalimentarius.org/input/download/standards/11776/CXG_077f.pdf [16.3.2015]"
SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health · SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science
Definition resistance occurring when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them, the consequence of which is that antibiotics cannot fight them, and the bacteria multiply Reference "EP-Terminology Coordination, based on: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC > Antibiotic Use > Appropriate Antibiotic Use: Community > About, ’Antibiotic Resistance Questions and Answers’, https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html [6.10.2018]"
Comment "Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections (such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections) making them ineffective. Antibiotics fight bacteria, not viruses.Antimicrobial resistance is a broader term, encompassing resistance to drugs that treat infections caused by other microbes as well, such as parasites (e.g. malaria or helminths), viruses (e.g. HIV) and fungi (e.g. Candida).References: - World Health Organization, ’What is the difference between antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance?’, http://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/drug-resistance/what-is-the-difference-between-antibiotic-and-antimicrobial-resistance.html [6.11.2018] - U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Home For Consumers > Consumer Updates, ‘Combating Antibiotic Resistance’, 15 November 2011, https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm092810.htm [6.11.2018] "
Definition the ability of some virus to grow and multiply even in the presence of certain drugs which normally kill them Reference AHCPR Clinical Practice Guideline:Management of Cancer Pain-Gloss.,1999,Talaria & AHCPR
Definition capacité d'un virus à se modifier afin de se rendre insensible au médicament utilisé contre lui Reference Infection par le VIH et sida,ARCAT SIDA,1995
Comment "C'est le microbe (bactérie, virus, champignon ou protozoaire) qui est résistant, pas le médicament ni le patient. Des espèces de bactéries normalement résistantes à la pénicilline, par exemple, peuvent développer une résistance à ces médicaments soit par mutation (transmission verticale) soit par acquisition des gènes de résistance d’une autre bactérie (transmission horizontale). Ce double mode d’acquisition de la résistance explique pourquoi cette caractéristique peut se transmettre rapidement et remplacer une colonie de bactéries auparavant sensible aux médicaments. (cf. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/es/d/Js2249f/3.1.html#Js2249f.3.1 )"
SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|research and intellectual property|research
Definition the degree to which a disease or disease-causing organism remains unaffected by antibiotics or other drugs Reference """resistance"" in ‘Concise Medical Dictionary’ (eighth edition). Ed. Elizabeth Martin. Oxford University Press (OUP), 2010. Oxford Reference Online. OUP. DGT. http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t60.e8730 [18.6.2012]"
Definition aptitude d'un micro-organisme à survivre et éventuellement à se reproduire lorsqu'il est exposé à un médicament qui normalement le détruit ou l'empêche de se multiplier Reference "Conseil-FR, d'après Le grand dictionnaire terminologique (Office québécois de la langue française), fiche ""pharmacorésistance"" (30.7.2020)"
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES|means of agricultural production|means of agricultural production · AGRI-FOODSTUFFS|plant product · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations
Definition ability of a plant to remain unaffected by the application of a herbicide Reference "Zaid, A., Hughes, H. G., Porceddu, E., Nicholas, F. Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture - A Revised and Augmented Edition of the Glossary of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 2001. http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/Y2775E/Y2775E00.HTM [29.3.2011]"
Comment Herbicide resistance has been one of the early targets of plant genetic engineering. If a herbicide is sprayed onto a field planted with such resistant crops, then all the plants except the crop would be killed, thus providing an effective method of weed control without having to develop herbicides specific to each weed type. There is substantial concern in some quarters about the widespread use of this technology, which is essentially giving the plant kingdom the ability to evade man's most effective herbicides. The concern are that, firstly, such engineering will lead to increased use of the herbicides, at a time when it is generally accepted that the use of chemicals should be kept as low as possible, and that, secondly, there is the possibility that resistant crop plants will escape to become weeds, or that their resistant genes could be transferred to other species, including weeds.
Definition natural or genetic ability of a pest to tolerate the poisonous effects of a toxicant Reference Ware G.W., The Pesticide Book, San Francisco, 1978, p.183.
Comment "Not to be confused with pest resistance [ IATE:1177509 ] meaning the ability of plants to resist the harmful effects caused by pathogens."
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES|agricultural activity|crop production|plant disease · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|botany
Definition resistance that has remained effective while a cultivar possessing it has been widely cultivated in an environment favoring the disease. Reference "Johnson R, 'Genetic Background of Durable Resistance'(26.2.2020), Durable Resistance in Crops, NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series (Series A: Life Sciences), vol 55. Springer, Boston, MA"
Comment This characteristic of resistance is recognised retrospectively, as are all other characteristics of interactions between hosts and pathogens.
Definition temporary rise in the resistibility of the microbe in response to the drug, due to altered gene/protein expression, as a result of exposure to stress nutrient medium, growth or sub-inhibitory levels of the antibiotic, which reverts when the inducing condition is removed Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Leo J.P. Tharappel, Ginpreet Kaur, Harpal S. Buttar. India – A New Contributor To The Pharmacovigilance Movement. IJPSR (2014), Vol. 5, Issue 8, http://ijpsr.com/?action=download_pdf&postid=1155 [15.3.2018]"
Definition "bei Bakterien durch Spontanmutation im extrachromosomalen Erbgut entstehendes Gen, das das Resistenz-""Besteck"" gegen ein bestimmtes Antibiotikum kodiert" Reference Reallex Med
Definition resistance to drug treatment developed by a treatment-naive patient Reference "COM-EN, based on:Barbour JD, Hecht FM, Wrin T, Liegler TJ, Ramstead CA, Busch MP, Segal MR, Petropoulos CJ, Grant RM. Persistence of primary drug resistance among recently HIV-1 infected adults. AIDS. 2004 Aug 20;18(12):1683-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15280779 [10.11.2011]"
Definition the ability of plants to resist the harmful effects caused by pathogens Reference Mc Graw-Hill, Encyclopedia of Food Agriculture and Nutrition, 1977, p.492-493
Comment "Not to be confused with pest resistance [ IATE:1172284 ] meaning the natural or genetic ability of a pest to tolerate the poisonous effects of a toxicant."
Definition resistance to drug treatment for infection developed by a patient in response to the treatment Reference "COM-EN, based on:Barbour JD, Hecht FM, Wrin T, Liegler TJ, Ramstead CA, Busch MP, Segal MR, Petropoulos CJ, Grant RM. Persistence of primary drug resistance among recently HIV-1 infected adults. AIDS. 2004 Aug 20;18(12):1683-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15280779 [10.11.2011]"
Comment "In principle, acquired (or secondary) drug resistance applies to patients who initially have drug-susceptible bacteria that become drug-resistant due to inadequate, inappropriate, or irregular treatment or, more importantly, because of non-adherence in drug taking Ref.:Public Health Agency of Canada. Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Among the Foreign-born in Canada http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/tbcan02/sr-tb2002-eng.php [10.11.2011]"
Context 'An 17 Meitheamh 2016, ghlac an Chomhairle conclúidí maidir leis na chéad chéimeanna eile faoi chur chuige “Aon Sláinte Amháin” chun an fhrithsheasmhacht in aghaidh ábhair fhrithmhiocróbacha a chomhrac. An 13 Meán Fómhair 2018 ghlac Parlaimint na hEorpa rún maidir le Plean Gníomhaíochta Eorpach “Aon Sláinte Amháín” i gcoinne Frithsheasmhacht in aghaidh Ábhair Fhrithmhiocróbacha.' Reference "CELEX:32019R0004"
Definition umfassender Aktionsplan der EU zur Antibiotikaresistenz auf der Grundlage des Konzepts „Eine Gesundheit“ Reference "MITTEILUNG DER KOMMISSION AN DEN RAT UND DAS EUROPÄISCHE PARLAMENT – Europäischer Aktionsplan zur Bekämpfung antimikrobieller Resistenzen im Rahmen des Konzepts „Eine Gesundheit“"
Definition "comprehensive EU action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) based on the One Health approach" Reference "A European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (8.3.2023), European Commission."