#2999961
Tá dhá phríomhchineál sa táirge faoi imscrúdú: grád carbóin-since EMD agus grád alcaileach EMD.
The product under investigation comprises two main types: carbon-zinc grade EMD and alkaline grade EMD.
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215 toradh in 2 dhoiciméad
#3242275
EMD ar cháilíocht íseal (grád carbóin since), EMD de ghrád alcaileach caighdeánach agus EMD de ghrád alcaileach ardchaighdeáin.
Low quality (carbon-zinc grade), standard alkaline grade and high-quality alkaline grade EMD.
#3000855
Leis na bearta frithdhumpála maidir le hallmhairí ón tSín, laghdófaí an iomaíocht freisin le haghaidh EMD ar mhargadh an Aontais (agus i margaí onnmhairiúcháin tríú tíortha), ós rud é go mbeidh infhaighteacht EMD teoranta don dá tháirgeoir de chuid an Aontais (leis na bearta dhéanfaí an dé-oplacht leis an riosca a bhaineann le méaduithe ar phraghsanna ina dhiaidh sin a dhaingniú), agus ní féidir le táirgeoirí EMD an Aontais éileamh na n-úsáideoirí sin a chomhlíonadh i méideanna leordhóthanacha, go háirithe le haghaidh EMD ardcháilíochta.
The anti-dumping measures on imports from China would also reduce competition for EMD on the Union market (as well as in the third countries’ export markets), since the availability of the EMD will be limited to the two Union producers (measures would solidify the duopoly with the subsequent risk of price increases), while the Union producers of EMD cannot satisfy the demand of these users in sufficient volumes, especially for the high-quality EMD.
#3000867
Ina theannta sin, i bhfianaise líon teoranta na soláthróirí EMD ar an iomlán, ní mór a thabhairt faoi deara gur dócha go mbeadh tionchar diúltach ag imeacht thionscal EMD an Aontais ar staid agus ar iomaíocht an dá úsáideoir chomhoibríocha ar mhargadh an Aontais, ós rud é go mbeadh úsáideoirí an Aontais ag brath go hiomlán ar mhonaróirí tríú tír, agus go mbeadh an sciar de EMD arna fhoinsiú ó tháirgeoirí an Aontais fós ina chion suntasach, is é sin an méid iomlán thart ar [55 – 65] % sa tréimhse imscrúdúcháin (agus lena n-áirítear EMD ardchaighdeáin thart ar [25 – 35] %).
In addition, considering the limited number of the EMD suppliers overall, it must be noted that the disappearance of the Union industry of EMD would probably have a negative effect on the two cooperating users’ situation and competition on the Union market, since the Union users would be completely dependent on third country manufacturers, while the share of EMD sourced from the Union producers still represented a significant part, that is in total of around [55–65] % in the investigation period (and which includes the high quality EMD of around [25–35] %).
#2999945
Autlan EMD, S.L. (‘Autlan’), Oñati (Guipuzcoa), an Spáinn
Autlan EMD, S.L. (‘Autlan’), Oñati (Guipuzcoa), Spain.
#2999962
Táirgtear an dá chineál trí phróiseas leictrealaíoch, agus déantar paraiméadair áirithe sa phróiseas a oiriúnú chun EMD de ghrád carbóin-since nó EMD de ghrád alcaileach a fháil.
Both types are produced through an electrolytic process, with an adaptation of certain parameters in the process to obtain either carbon-zinc grade EMD or alkaline grade EMD.
#2999982
Mhaígh GMMG freisin nach bhfuil táirgeoirí an Aontais ábalta EMD a sholáthar le haghaidh roinnt teicneolaíochtaí ceallraí sonracha (e.g. ceallraí le haghaidh feithiclí leictreacha), i gcás ina n-úsáidtear EMD.
GMMG also claimed that the Union producers are not able to supply EMD for a number of specific battery technologies (e.g. batteries for electric vehicles), where EMD is used.
#2999999
Go deimhin, ní thagraíonn an fhianaise go léir sa ghearán ach do EMD, agus ní do EMD atá i gceallraí.
Indeed, all the evidence in the complaint refers only to EMD, and never to EMD contained in batteries.
#3000061
Mhaígh Xiangtan nach bhfuil aon phlé sonrach ná mionsonraithe ar earnáil EMD i dTuarascáil an Choimisiúin.
Xiangtan claimed that the Commission’s Report contains no specific or detailed discussion of the EMD sector.
#3000133
Go sonrach, is ann do mhéid mór úinéireachta ag Rialtas na Síne in earnáil EMD.
Specifically in the EMD sector, a substantial degree of ownership by the GOC exists.
#3000173
Measann Rialtas na Síne gur príomhthionscal é tionscal EMD.
The EMD industry is regarded as a key industry by the GOC.
#3000209
Is cosúil go bhfuil na breithnithe sin infheidhme go hiomlán freisin in earnáil EMD.
Those considerations appear to be fully applicable also in the EMD sector.
#3000250
Meabhraíonn an Coimisiún gur gá raon leathan ionchur chun EMD a tháirgeadh.
The Commission recalls that in order to produce EMD, a broad range of inputs is needed.
#3000315
Chuir sé tíortha féideartha eile i leataobh mar gheall ar easpa táirgeadh EMD sna tíortha sin agus, i ndiaidh dó a fháil amach go raibh sonraí airgeadais an aon táirgeora EMD a sainaithníodh sa tír míchuí, chinn sé úsáid a bhaint, ina ionad sin, as sonraí airgeadais cuideachta eile de chuid na Colóime in earnáil ghnó atá go hiomlán difriúil nach mbaineann le hoibríocht EMD agus chinn sé úsáid a bhaint as tríú tír eile agus as tagarmharc idirnáisiúnta mar fhoinse mhalartach praghsanna allmhairiúcháin le haghaidh roinnt tosca táirgeachta.
It discarded other possible countries due to the absence of EMD production in these countries while, having found the financial data of the sole EMD producer identified in the country inappropriate, decided to use instead that of another Colombian company in a totally different business sector unrelated to EMD operation and decided to use another third country and an international benchmark as an alternative source of import prices for some factors of production.
#3000316
Ina theannta sin, d’áitigh Xiangtan nach bhfuil costais SGA agus brabús Quimpac ionadaíoch do tháirgeoir EMD agus mhol sé sonraí táirgeora EMD de chuid na Seapáine, Tosoh Corporation Japan, a úsáid.
In addition, Xiangtan argued that the SG&A and profit of Quimpac are not representative of an EMD producer and suggested to use the data of a Japanese EMD producer, Tosoh Corporation Japan.
#3000515
Mar sin féin, toisc go raibh raon níos leithne táirgí seachas EMD sa chód AC, b’éigean don Choimisiún meastachán a dhéanamh maidir le méideanna na n-allmhairí ar EMD iad.
However, because the CN code comprised of a wider range of products other than EMD, the Commission had to estimate the volumes of imports that constituted EMD.
#3000758
Dá bhrí sin, b’éigean an t-éileamh ar EMD a sholáthar ó fhoinsí lasmuigh.
Thus, the EMD demand had to be supplied from outside sources.
#3000772
Dá bhrí sin, b’éigean an t-éileamh ar EMD a sholáthar ó fhoinsí seachtracha.
Thus, the EMD demand had to be supplied from external sources.
#3000864
I dtéarmaí an tsoláthair EMD ar ardchaighdeán ó tháirgeoirí an Aontais, tugtar faoi deara gurb iad na táirgeoirí ceallraí a shocraíonn ceanglais cháilíochta EMD maidir le táirgeadh ceallraí cille tirime.
In terms of the high quality EMD supply from the Union producers, it is noted that the quality requirements of the EMD for the dry cell battery production are set by the battery producers.
#3000865
Ar an iomlán, níl ach líon teoranta soláthróirí EMD (san Aontas agus sa tSín) ag an dá úsáideoir chomhoibríocha a chomhfhreagraíonn dá gceanglais cháilíochta maidir le haon ghrád EMD.
Overall, both cooperating users have only a limited number of EMD suppliers (in the Union and China) corresponding to their quality requirements for any grade of EMD.
#3000876
Deimhníodh leis an imscrúdú go mbaineann an próiseas táirgthe céanna le gach grád EMD.
The investigation confirmed that all grades of EMD have the same production process.
#3241780
Thug sé sin le tuiscint gur thabhaigh táirgeoirí EMD costas breise agus iad ag onnmhairiú.
This implied that producers of EMD incurred an additional cost when exporting.
#3241902
Mar a leagtar síos in aithris (316) den Rialachán sealadach, leanann gach grád EMD an próiseas táirgthe céanna, agus, mar a shuitear in aithris (25) den Rialachán sealadach, tá na buntréithe fisiceacha, ceimiceacha agus teicniúla céanna ag EMD carbóin since agus EMD alcaileach araon agus úsáidtear iad chun na gcríoch céanna (táirgeadh ceallraí cille tirime).
As established in recital (316) of the provisional Regulation, all grades of EMD follow the same production process, while, as established in recital (25) of the provisional Regulation, both carbon-zinc and alkaline EMD share the same basic physical, chemical and technical characteristics and are used for the same purposes (dry-cell battery production).
#3241903
Is amhlaidh atá i gcás EMD alcaileach, beag beann ar an gcáilíocht a éilítear.
The same is true for alkaline EMD, regardless of the quality claimed.
#3241907
An sciar EMD a fuair na húsáideoirí comhoibríocha ó thionscal an Aontais (ar an iomlán), ba é a bhí ann [55-65] % den mhéid iomlán EMD a fuair siad sa tréimhse imscrúdúcháin, lenar áiríodh EMD ardcháilíochta de ghrád alcaileach arb é a bhí ann thart air [25-35] % dá gceannacháin iomlána ó thionscal an Aontais le linn na tréimhse imscrúdúcháin.
The share of EMD sourced by the cooperating users from the Union industry (overall) represented around [55–65] % of the total EMD they sourced in the investigation period, which included the high-quality alkaline grade EMD of around [25–35] % of their total purchases from the Union industry in the investigation period.
#3241910
Bhí deimhniú leanúnach ag Tosoh chun an EMD ardcháilíochta a sholáthar don tríú úsáideoir.
Tosoh had ongoing certification for supplying the third user with the high-quality EMD.
#3241911
Chuir tionscal an Aontais méadú [0.8-1,8] milliún kg ar an leibhéal EMD ardcháilíochta de ghrád alcaileach ó bhí 2019 ann ach tháinig laghdú [11 %-16 %] ar na méideanna EMD ardcháilíochta ó 2021 go dtí an tréimhse imscrúdúcháin de bharr allmhairí ón tSín, rud a dhearbhaíonn nach raibh na cúiseanna a bhaineann le deimhniú ná le hacmhainneacht ag cur bac ar thionscal an Aontais chun EMD ardcháilíochta a sholáthar.
The Union industry increased the level of high-quality alkaline grade EMD from 2019 by [0,8–1,8] million kg but lost their high-quality alkaline grade EMD volumes by [11 %-16 %] from 2021 to the investigation period to the benefit of imports from China, which confirms that neither the certification, nor the capacity reasons were hindering the Union industry to supply high-quality EMD.
#3241915
Líomhain CCCMC agus GMIA nach ndearna an Coimisiún idirdhealú cuí idir na monaróirí EMD ar féidir leo EMD ardcháilíochta a tháirgeadh, dá dtagraítear ina n-aighneacht mar EMD ‘ardfheidhmíochta ó thaobh ídiú ceallraí’, ag maíomh gurb iad na húsáideoirí a chinneann an grád cáilíochta, seachas na táirgeoirí.
CCCMC and GMIA alleged that the Commission did not properly distinguish which EMD manufacturers can produce high-quality EMD, referred to in their submission as ‘high drain performance’ EMD, claiming that it is the users who determine the quality grade, and not the producers.
#3241917
Is é sin, mheas an Coimisiún gur EMD ‘ardcháilíochta’ a bhí in EMD alcaileach a ndúirt ceachtar de na húsáideoirí ina leith go bhfuil ardfheidhmíocht acu ó thaobh ídiú ceallraí.
Namely, the Commission considered as ‘high-quality’ EMD only that alkaline EMD which was qualified as high drain by either of the users.
#3241998
Ar deireadh, ní raibh aon fhianaise ann go mbeadh feidhm ag SCCT maidir le hallmhairí EMD.
Finally, there was no evidence that CBAM would apply to EMD imports.
#3242332
An tráth céanna, braitheann táirgeoirí EMD an Aontais ar sholáthairtí na méine mangainéise ó thríú margaí.
At the same time, the Union producers of EMD depend on the supplies of the manganese ore from third markets.
#2999991
Cúig mhí i ndiaidh an t-imscrúdú a thionscnamh, d’iarr Autlan na bearta frithdhumpála a fhorchuirtear ar EMD de thionscnamh na Síne, más ann dóibh, a chur i bhfeidhm ar EMD de thionscnamh na Síne atá i gceallraí alcaileacha dé-ocsaíde mangainéise agus i gceallraí neamh-alcaileacha cille tirime a allmhairítear isteach san Aontas ón tSín.
Five months after the initiation of the investigation, Autlan, requested to apply the anti-dumping measures imposed on EMD originating in China, if any, to EMD of Chinese origin contained in manganese dioxide alkaline and non-alkaline dry cell batteries imported into the Union from China.
#2999993
Rinne Autlan meastachán ar fhorbairt allmhairí EMD a bhí i gceallraí alcaileacha dé-ocsaíde mangainéise, rud a léirigh go bhfuil méadú mór tagtha ar allmhairí ceallraí den sórt sin, chomh maith lena méid EMD, ó 2019.
Autlan provided an estimated development of imports of EMD contained in manganese dioxide alkaline dry cell batteries, demonstrating that imports of such batteries, as well as their EMD content, have increased sharply since 2019.
#3000052
Ar an dara dul síos, d’áitigh CCCMC/GMIA nach bhfuil aon saobhadh suntasach in earnáil EMD na Síne agus nach bhfuil dóthain fianaise ann chun teacht ar an gconclúid go bhfuil saobhadh suntasach in earnáil EMD na Síne.
Second, CCCMC/GMIA maintained that there are no significant distortions in the Chinese EMD sector and that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that significant distortions exist in the EMD sector in China.
#3000516
Rinneadh é sin trí na hallmhairí ó thíortha ina raibh táirgeadh EMD amháin a chur san áireamh, ós rud é gur allmhairíodh EMD den chuid is mó ó na tíortha sin san am atá thart:
This was done by including only the imports from countries where there was EMD production, since EMD was imported mostly from these countries historically:
#3000708
Tháinig laghdú ar sciar de EMD a fuarthas ó tháirgeoirí an Aontais ó thart ar [65 – 75] % go dtí thart ar [55 – 65] %, ar mhaithe le EMD arna fhoinsiú ón tSín ó 2021 go dtí an tréimhse imscrúdúcháin.
The share of EMD sourced from the Union producers decreased from around [65–75] % to around [55–65] %, for the benefit of EMD sourced from China from 2021 to the investigation period.
#3000859
Mar sin féin, tá laghdú tagtha ar sciar de EMD a fuarthas ó tháirgeoirí an Aontais ó thart ar [65 – 75] % go [55 – 65] % ó 2021 go dtí an tréimhse imscrúdúcháin, chun tairbhe EMD arna fhoinsiú ón tSín.
However, the share of EMD sourced from the Union producers has decreased from around [65–75] % to [55–65] % from 2021 to the investigation period, for the benefit of EMD sourced from China.
#3001044
Tá trí phríomhchéim san áireamh sa phróiseas táirgthe: an chéim dhíscaoilte (eisíontais amhail Cr, Ni, Co, Mo agus eile a bhaint), leictrealú (i gcás inar féidir gráid éagsúla EMD carbóin-since nó alcaileach a tháirgeadh) agus an chéim iarchóireála (i gcás ina mbaintear eisíontais ó leictrealú agus ina sainítear na saintréithe púdair is fearr sa EMD).
Production process includes three main phases: dissolving phase (removing impurities like Cr, Ni, Co, Mo and other), electrolysis (where different grades of carbon-zinc or alkaline EMD can be produced) and post-treatment phase (where impurities from electrolysis are removed and optimum powder characteristics of EMD are defined).
#3001054
Luaitear EMD sa ‘chatagóir shrianta.’ Ag an am céanna, sa Chatalóg Treorach chéanna, luaitear trealamh táirgeachta sonrach EMD ar a dtugtar ‘foirnéis frithspré’ a úsáidtear chun dé-ocsaíd mhangainéise a laghdú, sa chatagóir ‘atá le díothú’.
EMD is mentioned in the ‘restricted category’. At the same time, in the same Guiding Catalogue, a specific EMD production equipment called ‘reverberatory furnace’ used to reduce manganese dioxide, is mentioned in the ‘to be eliminated’ category.
#3241760
Roghnaíodh Quimpac mar chuideachta tagarmhairc mar gheall go n-úsáideann sí an próiseas leictrealaithe céanna agus a úsáideann táirgeoir EMD, rud a fhágann gur ionadaí oiriúnach í chun struchtúr costais tairgeora EMD a thuiscint i dtéarmaí soláthar fuinneamh.
Quimpac was selected as a benchmark company because it utilises the same electrolysis process as an EMD producer, making it a suitable representative for understanding the cost structure of an EMD producer in terms of energy supply.
#3241884
Mhaígh Daxin, CCCMC agus GMIA freisin nach ndearna an Coimisiún measúnú leordhóthanach ar dhifríochtaí i bpraghsanna idir ghráid éagsúla EMD, is é sin má bhí an anailís díobhála shealadach bunaithe ar shochtadh praghsanna a líomhnaíodh a rinne an tAontas, de thoradh allmhairí ar phraghas níos ísle ón tSín a bhain go príomha le honnmhairí ón tSín de ghráid níos ísle EMD, a raibh praghas níos ísle orthu dá réir sin.
Daxin, CCCMC and GMIA further claimed that the Commission did not adequately assess price differences between different grades of EMD, namely that the provisional injury analysis was based on alleged Union price suppression caused by lower-priced imports from China related mainly to Chinese exports of lower EMD grades, and thus normally lower priced.
#3241897
Dhearbhaigh na páirtithe sin nár mhonaraigh ceann den dá tháirgeoir de chuid an Aontais (Autlan) EMD ardcháilíochta agus nár léirigh sé go raibh sé ar intinn aige EMD den sórt sin a mhonarú amach anseo.
Said parties asserted that one of the two Union producers (Autlan) did not manufacture high-quality EMD and did not show intent in manufacturing it in the future.
#3241898
Dá bhrí sin, líomhnaíodh go raibh easpa deimhnithe ar cheann de na fáthanna gur chaill tionscal an Aontais a dhíolacháin EMD ardcháilíochta agus/nó nárbh fhéidir leis tairbhiú go hiomlán den éileamh nua ar an EMD ardcháilíochta, éileamh a raibh méadú ag teacht air.
Therefore, a lack of certification was allegedly a reason why the Union industry either lost their sales of high-quality EMD and/or for capacity reasons could not fully benefit from the new and increasing demand for high-quality EMD.
#3241908
Chuir Autlan an EMD ar cháilíocht chaighdeánach ar fáil do dhá cheann de na trí úsáideoir mhóra san Aontas le linn na tréimhse faoi bhreathnú agus bhí deimhniú leanúnach acu chun EMD a sholáthar don tríú úsáideoir.
Autlan provided two of the three major Union users with the standard quality EMD during the period considered and had ongoing certification for supplying the third user.
#3241909
Sholáthair an dara táirgeoir de chuid an Aontais (Tosoh) an EMD ar cháilíocht chaighdeánach do na trí úsáideoir mhóra san Aontas (lena n-áirítear an dá phríomhúsáideoir chomhoibríocha) agus sholáthair sé an EMD ardcháilíochta do dhá cheann díobh le linn na tréimhse céanna.
The second Union producer (Tosoh) supplied the three major Union users (including the two cooperating ones) with the standard quality EMD and two of them with the high-quality EMD during the same period.
#3241913
Dá bhforchuirfí na bearta frithdhumpála cinntitheacha ar EMD ón tSín, thabharfaí deis do thionscal an Aontais infheistiú in EMD ardcháilíochta, rud a chuireann na hallmhairí dumpáilte, an caillteanas ar an sciar den mhargadh agus brabúsacht íseal bac air faoi láthair.
If the definitive anti-dumping measures were imposed on EMD from China, it would allow the Union industry to invest in high-quality EMD, which is currently hindered by the dumped imports, loss of market share and low profitability.
#3241914
Tar éis an nochta deiridh, d’easaontaigh CCCMC agus GMIA leis an gCoimisiún, ag athdhearbhú nárbh iad allmhairí EMD ón tSín ba chúis leis an díobháil líomhnaithe, ach nach raibh tionscal an Aontais in ann EMD ardcháilíochta de ghrád alcaileach a sholáthar nó a sholáthar i gcainníocht leordhóthanach, agus líomhnaíodh go raibh measúnú an Choimisiúin neamhiomlán, mar a shonraítear thíos.
Following final disclosure, CCCMC and GMIA disagreed with the Commission, reiterating that the alleged injury was not caused by the imports of EMD from China, but rather by the Union industry’s inability to supply or to supply in sufficient quantity the high-quality alkaline grade EMD and alleged that the Commission’s assessment was incomplete, as detailed below.
#3241920
Shoiléirigh an Coimisiún, mar a tugadh faoi deara in aithris (127), gurbh iad na buntréithe fisiceacha, ceimiceacha agus teicniúla céanna ag EMD carbóin since agus cáilíochtaí éagsúla de EMD alcaileach agus gur úsáideadh iad chun na gcríoch céanna (táirgeadh ceallraí cille tirime).
The Commission clarified that, as noted in recital (127), carbon-zinc and different qualities of alkaline EMD ‘shared’ the same basic physical, chemical, and technical characteristics and were used for the same purposes (dry-cell battery production).
#3241926
Rinne an Coimisiún tagairt d’aithris (127), inar tugadh faoi deara gur chuir Autlan an EMD ar cháilíocht chaighdeánach ar fáil do dhá cheann de na trí úsáideoir mhóra san Aontas le linn na tréimhse faoi bhreathnú agus bhí deimhniú leanúnach acu chun EMD a sholáthar don tríú úsáideoir.
The Commission referred to recital (127), where it was noted that Autlan provided two of the three major Union users with the standard quality EMD during the period considered and had ongoing certification for supplying the third user.
#3241927
Go deimhin, admhaíodh ann nár sholáthair Autlan EMD ardcháilíochta le linn na tréimhse faoi bhreathnú, ach, mar a tugadh faoi deara san aithris bhreise (128), chuir tionscal an Aontais (ina iomláine) na trí cháilíocht éagsúla EMD ar fáil do na húsáideoirí le linn na tréimhse faoi bhreathnú.
This, indeed, acknowledged that Autlan did not supply high-quality EMD in the period considered, whereas, as noted in the further recital (128), the Union industry (as a whole) provided all three different qualities of EMD to the users during the period considered.