Gaois

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34 results

  1. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #634423

    IATE #1684624
    gabhdóir Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Rezeptor
    de
    receptor
    en
    Definition macromolecule in the membrane or inside the cell that specifically (chemically) binds a ligand (drug) Reference "COM-EN, based on:The Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicines (EJIFCC), 2008 Apr; 19(1): 48-53 > Pharmacogenetics of Drug Receptors (28.4.2020)"
    Comment "Receptor theory is the backbone of pharmacology. The principles of receptor function have provided mechanistic explanations of great utility in pharmacology and therapeutics for understanding drug properties such as specificity, potency, and efficacy.Reference: Allan B. Okey. An Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Odyssey to the Shores of Toxicology: The Deichmann Lecture, International Congress of Toxicology-XI. (28.4.2020) Toxicol. Sci. (2007) 98 (1): 5-38."
    récepteur
    fr
    Definition au niveau cellulaire, ce sont des molécules protéiques situées sur la membrane ou dans la cellule et agissent au niveau du noyau, capables d'accueillir des molécules endogènes ou des médicaments spécifiques Reference FRM,Gloss.textes scientifiques,mars 1998
  3. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #639229

    IATE #2224770
    blocálaí gabhdóirí angaitheannaine Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Blocker | ARB | Angiotensin II-Hemmer | Angiotensin II-Antagonist
    de
    Definition Medikament zur Hemmung der Wirkung des Hormons Angiotensin II Reference "eesom, http://www.eesom.com/de/anginapectoris.php (01.06.2007)"
    Comment wirkt als spezifischer Hemmstoff am Subtyp 1 des Angiotensin-II-Rezeptors und senkt den Gefäßwiderstand im Körper
    angiotensin-receptor blocker | angiotensin II inhibitor | AII inhibitor | ARB | angiotensin receptor antagonist | ARA | angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker | angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist
    en
    Definition hypertension drugs that prevent angiotensin II from binding with its receptors on the surface of the cells Reference COM/DGT-Terminology Coordination
    Comment "the hypertension drugs that prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II are called ""angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors"" (ACE inhibitors or ACEI) [ IATE:1040702 ]. For more information, see also: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers http://www.ti.ubc.ca/pages/letter28.htm [31.5.2007]"
    antagoniste des récepteurs de l'angiotensine II | ARA II | ARA-II | ARAII | ARA | bloqueur des récepteurs de l'angiotensine II | antagoniste des récepteurs AT1 de l'angiotensine II | bloqueur des récepteurs AT1 de l'angiotensine II
    fr
    Definition médicament pour le traitement de l'hypertension et de l'insuffisance cardiaque congestive qui bloque la fixation de l'angiotensine sur ses récepteurs (AT1 , AT2) Reference "Sur la base de: Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, http://www.fundp.ac.be/recherche/projets/page_view/94273108/ [1.6.2007] et amc.ca, Racine N., White M. Le rôle des bloqueurs des récepteursde AT-II dans l'insuffisance cardiaque congestive, http://www.cma.ca/index.cfm/ci_id/24826/la_id/2.htm [1.6.2007]"
    Comment "il existe deux sortes de récepteurs de l'angiotensine, les récepteurs AT1 et les récepteurs AT2. La plupart des médicaments bloquent les récepteurs AT1. A ne pas confondre avec les médicaments qui inhibent la production de l'angiotensine II [ IATE:1040702 ]"
  4. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #663210

    IATE #3589292
    fearann nasctha gabhdóirí Reference "Faofa ag an gCoiste Téarmaíochta, www.tearma.ie ;Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex"
    ga
    rezeptorbindende Domäne
    de
    receptor-binding domain | RBD | RBDs
    en
    Definition regions of several hundred amino acids that can fold independently and that are sufficient for binding to the host cell receptor Reference "COM-EN, based on: N. Promkuntod, R.E.W. van Eijndhoven, G. de Vrieze, A. Gröne, M.H. Verheije. 'Mapping of the receptor-binding domain and amino acids critical for attachment in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus' (23.4.2020). Virology Volume 448, 5 January 2014, Pages 26-32"
    domaine de liaison au récepteur
    fr
  5. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|pharmacology

    #624788

    IATE #1323258
    freasaitheach gabhdóra Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    antagonist | receptor antagonist
    en
    Definition "drug that reduces the action of another drug, generally an agonist " Reference "RICHARD R. NEUBIG, MICHAEL SPEDDING, TERRY KENAKIN, AND ARTHUR CHRISTOPOULOS. 'International Union of Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification. XXXVIII. Update on Terms and Symbols in Quantitative Pharmacology' (4.2.2022). PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS. Vol. 55, No. 4. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"
    Comment Can be competitive or non-competitive, each of which can be reversible or irreversible. A competitive antagonist binds to the same site as the agonist but does not activate it, thus blocks the agonist’s action. A non-competitive antagonist binds to an allosteric (non-agonist) site on the receptor to prevent activation of the receptor. A reversible antagonist binds non-covalently to the receptor, therefore can be “washed out”. An irreversible antagonist binds covalently to the receptor and cannot be displaced by either competing ligands or washing.
  6. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #617606

    IATE #1073479
    gabhdóir aicéitiolchoilín Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    cholinergischer Neurotransmitter-spezifischer Rezeptor | cholinergischer Rezeptor
    de
    Definition Rezeptor der acetylcholin-ausschüttend wirkt. Reference Buddecke p.508
    cholinergic receptor | acetylcholine receptor | AChR | cholinoceptor
    en
    Definition any of the sites in effector cells or at synapses through which acetylcholine exerts its action Reference "'cholinergic receptor' (29.4.2020), The Free Dictionary."
    Comment "They are of two types: muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors."
    récepteur cholinergique | récepteur de l'acétylcholine
    fr
  7. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #617605

    IATE #1073476
    gabhdóir aidréineirgeach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    adrenerger Rezeptor
    de
    adrenergic receptor | adrenoreceptor
    en
    Definition "class of receptors that are targets of the catecholamines [ IATE:1506050 ], especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline)" Reference "COM-EN, based on:Adrenergic receptor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor [11.5.2012]"
    Comment "Although dopamine is a catecholamine, its receptors are in a different category.There are two main groups of adrenergic receptors, α and β, with several subtypes. For more information, see: Adrenergic receptor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor [12.6.2012] & David Goodsell & RCSB Protein Data Bank. Adrenergic Receptors http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=100 [12.6.2012]"
    récepteur adrénergique | adrénorécepteur
    fr
  8. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #648666

    IATE #3543191
    gabhdóir aidréineirgeach alfa-2 Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    alpha-2 adrenergic receptor | α2-adrenergic receptor | a2-adrenoceptor | α2-adrenoceptor | α-2 adrenoreceptor
    en
    Definition "type of adrenergic receptor [ IATE:1073476 ] which is typically sited presynaptically, but can also occur postsynaptically" Reference "COM-EN, based on:Adrenoceptor Online. Introduction to α-Adrenoceptors http://www.adrenoceptor.com/alphaintro.htm [3.5.2012]"
  9. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #616900

    IATE #1052552
    gabhdóir cionáise tirisín Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    receptor tyrosine kinase | RTK | RTKs | tyrosine kinase receptor | TKR | TRKs
    en
    Definition cell surface receptor that also has a tyrosine kinase activity Reference "Kevin Ahern & Indira Rajagopal, '8.5: Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)' (16.11.2020), Biology LibreTexts"
    Comment The signal binding domain of the receptor tyrosine kinase is on the cell surface, while the tyrosine kinase enzymatic activity resides in the cytoplasmic part of the protein (see figure above). A transmembrane alpha helix connects these two regions of the receptor.
  10. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #616875

    IATE #1049358
    gabhdóir cíteaplasmach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gabhdóir incheallach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gabhdóir inmheánach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    intracellular receptor | internal receptor | cytoplasmic receptor
    en
    Definition receptor found in the cytoplasm of the cell which responds to hydrophobic ligand molecules that are able to travel across the plasma membrane Reference "Lisa Bartee, Walter Shriner and Catherine Creech, 'Types of Receptors' (22.3.2021), In: Lisa Bartee, Walter Shriner and Catherine Creech, Principles of Biology, Open Oregon Educational Resources"
  11. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|pharmacology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #603158

    IATE #286712
    gabhdóir cúpláilte próitéine G Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    G-protein coupled receptor | GPCR | G protein receptor | G protein-coupled receptor | seven-spanning receptor
    en
    Definition "any in one of the largest subset of receptors, including receptors for many hormones and slow neurotransmitters, and more specificallya membrane receptor that interacts with G proteins in the plasma membrane" Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:1) J.E. Campbell, D. Cohall. 'Chapter 26 - Pharmacodynamics — A Pharmacognosy Perspective. Pharmacognosy Fundamentals' (18.2.2020), Applications and Strategies 2017, Pages 513-525. Academic Press2) 'GPCR' (18.2.2020). Scitable by Nature Education"
    Comment When an external signaling molecule binds to a GPCR, it causes a conformational change in the GPCR. This change then triggers the interaction between the GPCR and a nearby G protein.
    récepteur couplé à la protéine G | RCPG
    fr
  12. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #602767

    IATE #202511
    gabhdóir dopaimín Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Dopamin-Rezeptor
    de
    dopamine receptor
    en
    Definition "receptor [ IATE:1684624 ] whose primary endogenous ligand [ IATE:1463918 ] is the neurotransmitter [ IATE:1073475 ] dopamine [ IATE:1894513 ]" Reference "COM-EN, based on: Philip G. Strange. DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Tocris Cookson Ltd http://web.unife.it/sezione/fisiologia/DA%20Pharmacology/Literature/dopreview.pdf [25.5.2012]"
    récepteur de la dopamine
    fr
  13. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #664840

    IATE #3592952
    gabhdóir ianchainéil Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    ion channel receptor | ion channel | channel protein
    en
    Definition "protein located in the plasma membrane and that arranges itself so that it forms a passageway or pore [ IATE:1149329/EN ] extending from one side of the membrane to the other" Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: 'Ion Channel' (23.2.2021). Scitable by Nature Education"
    Comment Both the amino acids that line a channel and the physical width of the channel determine which ions are able to wiggle through from the cell exterior to its interior, and vice versa
  14. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #659890

    IATE #3577885
    gabhdóir ianchainéil lioganngheataithe Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    ligand-gated ion channel | ionotropic receptor | ligand-gated ion channel receptor | chemically gated ion channel
    en
    Definition "ion channel receptor which has to be bound by a ligand (i.e. a molecule that binds another specific molecule, in some cases, delivering a signal in the process) or a signal molecule for the channel to open its pores [ IATE:1149329/EN ]" Reference "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: 1) J.E. Campbell, D. Cohall. 'Chapter 26 - Pharmacodynamics — A Pharmacognosy Perspective. Pharmacognosy Fundamentals'(18.2.2020), Applications and Strategies 2017, Pages 513-525. Academic Press2) Lisa Bartee, Walter Shriner, and Catherine Creech. Principles of Biology: Biology 211, 212, and 213. 'Types of Receptors' (18.2.2020)"
    Comment Such specific ligands or signal molecules are hormones, neurotransmitters, or local hormones. Such channels are primarily responsible for impulse initiation = initial depolarization of an excitable cell such as neurons, muscle cells, and gland cells; they can contribute to either depolarization, repolarization or hyperpolarization of a cell, depending on circumstances.
  15. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #623051

    IATE #1231575
    gabhdóir k-ópóideach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    KOP Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    kappa opioid receptor | κ-opioid receptor | kappa receptor | κ receptor | KOP
    en
    Definition "class of opioid receptor [ IATE:1666898 ] mediating analgesia (pain relief), sedation, miosis (constricted pupils) and diuresis" Reference "COM-EN, based on:EMBL-EBI. IPR000452 Kappa opioid receptor http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/DisplayIproEntry?ac=IPR000452 [16.5.2012]"
    Comment Dynorphin is the most potent endogenous ligand.The receptors were named using the first letter of the first ligand that was found to bind to them. Morphine was the first chemical shown to bind to mu receptors.
  16. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #602766

    IATE #202505
    gabhdóir mu-ópóideach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    MU-Rezeptor
    de
    mu receptor | μ-receptor | mu-opioid receptor | μ-opioid receptor | MOP
    en
    Definition "class of opioid receptors [ IATE:1666898 ] mediating analgesia (pain relief), hypothermia, respiratory depression , miosis (constricted pupils), bradycardia [ IATE:1499659 ], nausea, euphoria and physical dependence" Reference "COM-EN, based on:EMBL-EBI. IPR000105 Mu opioid receptor http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR000105 [16.5.2012]"
    Comment "Beta-endorphin is the most potent endogenous ligand [ IATE:1463918 ].The receptors were named using the first letter of the first ligand that was found to bind to them. Morphine was the first chemical shown to bind to mu receptors. The first letter of the drug morphine is m, but in biochemistry there is a tendency to use Greek letters, thus turning the m to μ."
    récepteur 'mu'
    fr
  17. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #648746

    IATE #3543832
    gabhdóir muscairineach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    muscarinic receptor | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor | muscarinic cholinergic receptor
    en
    Definition "type of cholinergic receptor [ IATE:1073479 ]" Reference "COM-EN, based on:Rebecca L. Kow& Neil M. Nathanson. Structural biology: Muscarinic receptors become crystal clear. Nature 482, 480–481 (23 February 2012) http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v482/n7386/full/482480a.html [23.5.2012]"
  18. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #635595

    IATE #1757859
    gabhdóir NMDA Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    NMDA-Rezeptor
    de
    Definition der biophysikalische Prozeß, der zur Ausbildung von LTP führt, ist formal der Hebb-Regel sehr ähnlich. Eine wichtige Rolle bei der Veränderung der Synapsenstärke spielt der NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartat)-Rezeptor. Dieser Rezeptor erlaubt einen Einstrom von Calcium in die Synapse nur dann, wenn sowohl die präsynaptische als auch die postsynaptische Nervenzelle gleichzeitig aktiv sind. Dieser Einstrom setzt dann einen Prozeß in Gang, der zur Verstärkung der Synapse führt Reference McNaughton,1987
    NMDA receptor | NMDAR | NMDARs
    en
    Definition glutamate-gated cation channels with high calcium permeability that play important roles in many aspects of the biology of higher organisms Reference "Blanke ML, VanDongen AMJ. 'Activation Mechanisms of the NMDA Receptor' (15.4.2021). In: Van Dongen AM, editor. Biology of the NMDA Receptor. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2009. Chapter 13."
    Comment They are critical for the development of the central nervous system (CNS), generation of rhythms for breathing and locomotion, and the processes underlying learning, memory, and neuroplasticity. Consequently, abnormal expression levels and altered NMDAR function have been implicated in numerous neurological disorders and pathological conditions.
    récepteur NMDA | récepteur du N-méthyl D-aspartate
    fr
    Definition processus biophysique qui gère la potentialisation à long terme; le récepteur fixe un acide aminé synthétique, le N-méthyl D-aspartate; lorsque les cellules présynaptiques et postsynaptiques sont simultanément actives, des ions calcium entrent dans les cellules Reference Pour la Science,11.92,77
  19. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #638034

    IATE #2101603
    gabhdóir núicléach hormón Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gabhdóir núicléach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    nuclear hormone receptor | nuclear receptor
    en
    Definition any of a group of transcription factors that, through ligand-binding, act as sensors to changes in nutritional, environmental, developmental, pathophysiologic, and endocrine conditions and drive adaptive responses via gene regulation Reference "Donato F. Romagnolo, Janos Zempleni, Ornella I. Selmin, 'Nuclear Receptors and Epigenetic Regulation: Opportunities for Nutritional Targeting and Disease Prevention' (18.2.2020), Advances in Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2014, Pages 373–385"
    Comment They include:- type I nuclear receptors, also called steroid receptors- type II nonsteroid nuclear receptors- orphan nuclear receptors
    récepteur nucléaire des hormones
    fr
  20. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #620774

    IATE #1150092
    gabhdóir ópóideach Reference Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Rezeptor für Opiate | Opiat-Rezeptor
    de
    opioid receptor | receptors
    en
    Definition "receptor with opioids [ IATE:3529317 ] as ligands" Reference "Wikipedia. Opioid receptor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_receptor [16.5.2012]"
    Comment There are three principal classes of opioid receptors, μ, κ, δ (mu, kappa, and delta), although up to seventeen have been reported, and include the ε, ι, λ, and ζ (Epsilon, Iota, Lambda and Zeta) receptors.
    récepteur opioïde
    fr
    Definition récepteur cérébral des opiacés Reference Pour la Science,mai 1991