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71 toradh

  1. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #623993

    IATE #1254664
    géin Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Gen
    de
    gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú "unit of heredity composed of DNA1 occupying a fixed position on a chromosome2 (some viral genes are composed of RNA3)1 DNA [ IATE:1073333 ]2 chromosome [ IATE:1507539 ]3 RNA [ IATE:1073359 ]" Tagairt "Collins English Dictionary http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gene?showCookiePolicy=true [13.11.2012]"
    Nóta A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or encode an RNA molecule; or regulate the operation of other genes or repress such operation
    gène
    fr
    Sainmhíniú unité élémentaire localisée en un point défini d'un chromosome, susceptible de se reproduire, de subir des mutations et de transmettre un message héréditaire Tagairt CILF
  2. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #636175

    IATE #1878455
    géin frithsheasta in aghaidh antaibheathach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Antibiotikaresistenz-Gen
    de
    antibiotic resistance gene | antibiotic-resistance gene | antibiotic resistance marker gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú gene encoding an enzyme that degrades a specific antibiotic to harmless byproducts, protecting its possessor from the lethal effects of the chemical Tagairt GE and Antibiotic Resistance, 2001, GEO-PIE Project, Cornell University
    Nóta "For antibiotic restistance marker gene, see IATE:318352"
    gène de résistance aux antibiotiques
    fr
  3. AGRI-FOODSTUFFS|plant product · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|technology

    #603263

    IATE #318352
    suaitheantas géiniteach atá frithsheasmhach in aghaidh antaibheathach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Antibiotikaresistenz-Markergen | ARMG
    de
    antibiotic resistance marker gene | ARM gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú "gene providing resistance to an antibiotic and inserted into recombinant-DNA plants [IATE:3541756] as marker [IATE:1096547 ], which is linked to the new gene with a desirable trait" Tagairt "UK Food Standards Agency. The use of antibiotic resistance marker genes in GM plants http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/acnfparmsfactsheet.pdf [6.3.2012]"
    Nóta Scientists can then use this marker to select the insertion of the new gene. In some GM crop varieties, antibiotic resistance genes are used at an earlier stage in the process, when genes are being assembled for insertion into the plant. This is normally done using microorganisms but the resistance gene may then be carried through the process so that it is present in the GM plants.
    gène marqueur de résistance aux antibiotiques | gène marqueur de la résistance aux antibiotiques
    fr
    Sainmhíniú gène (généralement d’origine bactérienne) utilisé comme marqueur de sélection en transgenèse, car sa présence permet la survie des cellules en présence d’agents antibiotiques normalement toxiques Tagairt "D'après: Glossaire FAO, http://www.fao.org/glossary/spec-term-n.asp?id_glo=5113&id_lang=TERMS_F [30.7.2013]"
    Nóta "Ces gènes étaient utilisés dans le développement et la libération de la première génération d’organismes transgéniques (particulièrement chez les plantes cultivées), mais ils ne sont plus recommandés à cause des risques potentiels associés au transfert indésiré de la résistance aux antibiotiques à d’autres organismes.Source: Glossaire FAO, http://www.fao.org/glossary/spec-term-n.asp?id_glo=5113&id_lang=TERMS_F [30.7.2013]"
  4. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #631916

    IATE #1585822
    peiptíd gaolmhar le géin an chailceatoinin Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    calcitonin gene-related peptide | CGRP
    en
    Sainmhíniú 37-amino acid neuropeptide found among neuroendocrine cells, sensory C fibers, blood vesssels and lymphoid tissues in the normal lung Tagairt "Respiratory Research > Research > Calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulates proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells > 2009 Kawanami et al, http://respiratory-research.com/content/10/1/8 (15.7.2009)"
  5. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science|immunology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #620194

    IATE #1128143
    géin C Tagairt "Faofa ag an gCoiste Téarmaíochta, www.tearma.ie Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex"
    ga
    géin thairiseach Tagairt "Faofa ag an gCoiste Téarmaíochta, www.tearma.ie Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex"
    ga
    C-gene | constant region gene | constant gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú "gene that codes for the constant regions of a particular class of immunoglobulins" Tagairt "'C-gene' (1.10.2020). Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W. G. Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham 2005"
    Nóta "1) A unique capacity of B-cells is to initiate rearrangement of dispersed gene segments in order to assemble a new, intact immunoglobulin gene. The V, D, and J segments rearrange to form the antigen binding variable domain of the final immunoglobulin molecule. The V (variable) gene segments encode the bulk of the variable region while the D (diversity) and J (joining) segments form a link to the C (constant) region and form a hypervariable region which contributes to antigen specificity of the antibody molecule. When successfully rearranged, the segments encode a novel antibody molecule.2) The loci encoding immunoglobulins have a unique structure.- composed of ""gene segments""- The heavy chain locus has multiple V (variable) segments, multiple D (diversity) segments, multiple J (joining) segments and multiple C (constant) segments.During maturation, one of each V, D and J segment is randomly “chosen” and used to encode the final antibody molecule."
    gène constant | gène C
    fr
    Sainmhíniú gène codant le domaine constant Tagairt Pour la Science,novembre 1993
  6. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #659571

    IATE #3576689
    croíghéin Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Kerngen
    de
    core gene | core gene mutation
    en
    Sainmhíniú "any gene of the core genome [ IATE:3576688 ] of a species" Tagairt "COM-EN, based on: Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Didier Raoult. 2017. Infectious Diseases, 1. 7 – Bacterial Genomes, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702062858000071 [2.5.2018]"
    gène de capside
    fr
    Nóta "La capside protège le génome du virus à l'intérieur de la nucléocapside et, pour les virus nus, dépourvus d'enveloppe, elle intervient dans l'attachement de la particule virale à la cellule-hôte.Voir aussi: capside [ IATE:1431837 ]Source: Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de médecine (2018) > capside , http://dictionnaire.academie-medecine.fr/index.php?q=capside [19.7.2018]"
  7. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #623991

    IATE #1254641
    scrios Tagairt COM-GA
    ga
    Deletion | Verlust von Genabschnitten | Verlust von Chromosomenabschnitten
    de
    Sainmhíniú Chromosomen-Mutation, bei der mindestens ein Basenpaar, häufig jedoch mehrere oder sogar sehr viele Basenpaare aus der DNA des betreffenden Organismus entfernt wurden Tagairt "Lexikon der Biologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag: Heidelberg, 1999, s. v. „Deletion“, http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/deletion/17174 (10.10.2017)"
    Nóta Bei der Deletion kann ein interkalar (in der Mitte) oder terminal (endständig) lokalisiertes Chromosomen- oder Chromatidenstück verlorengehen. Den Verlust endständiger Chromosomenstücke bezeichnet man auch als Defizienz.
    deletion | deletions | deleted gene | deleted genes
    en
    Sainmhíniú absence of a segment of DNA Tagairt "NCBI » Bookshelf » GeneReviews » Illustrated Glossary http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=glossary&rendertype=def-item&id=deletion [20.10.2010]"
    Nóta "It may be as small as a single base or large enough to encompass one or more entire genes. (See also: gene deletion [ IATE:3571263 ]If the deletions occur outside of coding regions, they may have negligible effects on phenotype, unless they affect the expression of nearby genes.Within a coding region, the deletion of exactly three, six, nine or an exact multiple of three nucleotids results in the elimination of one, two, three or a number of amino acids from the encoded polypeptide chain, because three nucleotides is the length of a codon.If the length of the deletion is not an exact multiple of three nucleotides, the mutation shifts the phase in which the ribosome reads the triplet codons and consquently alters all of the amino acids downstream for the site of the mutation (frameshift mutation IATE:1687482 ) Ref: Daniel L. Hartl, Elizabeth W. Jones. Genetics: analysis of genes and genomes http://books.google.com/books?id=cfvILxY9tCIC&pg=PA515&lpg=PA515&dq=If+the+deletion+occurs+within+a+coding+region&source=bl&ots=GT9hPjHWEA&sig=mo0jDaGZ1P3fT34ZMNlU9oTPCkg&hl=en&ei=Hau-TOvoN4uUOr_osDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=If%20the%20deletion%20occurs%20within%20a%20coding%20region&f=false [20.10.2010]See also: - deletion mutation [ IATE:3571974 ]"
    délétion
    fr
    Sainmhíniú aberration chromosomique consistant en la perte d’un segment de chromosome Tagairt Dictionnaire illustré des termes de médecine 31ème édition > délétion, M. Garnier & V. Delamare, 2012, Maloine, Paris, ISBN 978-2-224-03257-9 [9.1.2018]
    Nóta "La délétion affecte soit un chromosome («délétion chromosomique»), soit un gène dudit chromosome («délétion de gène» [IATE:3571263 ]). Elle produit une information génétique tronquée et peut entraîner des malformations. (Source: «Délétion, génétique», D. Lavergne, Encyclopædia Universalis en ligne, http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/deletion-genetique/ [9.1.2018]) Voir aussi: -
  9. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #648495

    IATE #3541973
    géin inginiúil Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    endogenes Gen
    de
    endogenous gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú gene from an organism's own genome Tagairt "Gene chip etc. Dr. W. B. Langdon. University of Essex School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, www.essex.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/genechip/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/genechip/> [11.4.2012]"
  11. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #634489

    IATE #1685089
    seicheamh cliathánach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Rahmensequenz
    de
    flanking region | flanking gene region | flanking sequence
    en
    Sainmhíniú region of DNA which is adjacent to the 3' or the 5' end of a gene Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Sangita Pawar, Common Terms in Molecular Biology(19.2.2020). College of Medicine, UA"
    séquence encadrante
    fr
    Sainmhíniú dans certains ARN messager ou ARN préribosomique, séquence nucléotidique formée de deux parties, l'une précédant et l'autre suivant la séquence d'une unité de transcription Tagairt Dict.de génétique,CILF,1991
  12. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics

    #667079

    IATE #3627416
    géin fheidhmiúil Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    functional gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú gene that encodes proteins Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Joe Nevins, Mike West. 'GENE STRUCTURE' (17.3.2022). STA 278/BGT 208: Gene Expression Analysis. Departement of Statistical Science. Duke University"
    Nóta A gene, for several reasons, may be “damaged” so the function it codes for cannot be expressed (either because its translation process does not occur any more, or because the “new” protein occurring from the translation of a damaged gene is not functional any more).
  13. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #662906

    IATE #3588589
    géinchaiséad Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene cassette
    en
    Sainmhíniú "type of mobile genetic element (i.e. type of genetic material that can move around within a genome, or that can be transferred from one species or replicon to another) that contains a gene and a recombination site" Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:David P. Clark, Nanette J. Pazdernik. 'Biotechnology' (19.2.2020). AP Cell 2016. Elsevier"
    Nóta "Gene cassettes have one or two ORFs that lack promoters and are flanked by 59-base elements (59-be) which is a recombination site (which may not be 59 bases long)"
  14. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology

    #622033

    IATE #1200513
    comhstruchtúr DNA Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    DNA construct | gene construct | construct
    en
    Sainmhíniú "artificial assembly of DNA sequences, usually a gene1, inserted into a vector2 such as a plasmid3, and able to be transferred into a ""host"" cell that will incorporate the gene into its own genome41 gene [ IATE:1254664 ]2 vector [ IATE:1624779 ]3 plasmid [ IATE:1684610 ]4 genome [ IATE:1073540 ]" Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:Mouse Genome Informatics. MGI Glossary, http://www.informatics.jax.org/glossary/dna_construct [20.1.2014] & QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute. Glossary of research terms, http://www.qimr.edu.au/page/our_research/glossary_of_research_terms/ [20.1.2014]"
    Nóta "Apart from the gene of interest itself, a so-called promoter1 (“starter”) and a terminator (“stop signal”) are required for expression. In most cases, additional sequences are included, e.g. marker genes2, which are also accompanied by a promoter and a terminator. The name “construct” is used because the sequences normally do not exist in this combination, but must be “put together” (constructed).1 promoter [ IATE:1073413 ]2 marker gene [ IATE:1096547 ]Reference: ""gene construct"". GMO Compass. Glossary, http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/glossary/ [5.2.2014]"
    constituant du gène
    fr
  15. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #634357

    IATE #1684067
    tiontú géiniteach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Genkonversion
    de
    Sainmhíniú Umwandlung eines Allels in ein anderes während der Rekombination zwischen 2 DNA-Molekülen (Desoxyribonucleinsäuren), auf denen die beiden allelen Formen des betreffenden Gens liegen Tagairt "Lexikon der Biologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag: Heidelberg, 1999, s. v. „Genkonversion“, http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/genkonversion/27350 (24.10.2017)"
    gene conversion
    en
    Sainmhíniú "mitotic recombination within genes" Tagairt "Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)"
    Nóta "Very frequently it generates non-reciprocal products contrary to mitotic crossing-over, which generates reciprocal products."
    conversion génique
    fr
    Sainmhíniú mode de recombinaison génétique où l'échange entre brins n'est pas réciproque:il résulterait de l'élimination de l'un des deux brins et de son remplacement par une copie de l'autre brin Tagairt Dict.de génétique,CILF,1991
  16. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #648217

    IATE #3541179
    vacsaín dhíghníomhaithe Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene deleted vaccine | deletion vaccine | gene-inactivated vaccine
    en
    Sainmhíniú vaccine derived from a strain in which one or more specific known virulence genes have been deleted Tagairt "COM-EN, based on:CAST Issue Paper. Vaccine Development Using Recombinant DNA Technology. Number 38. May 2008. http://www.ca.uky.edu/poultryprofitability/Production_manual/Chapter20_Issues_affecting_the_US_broiler_industry/CAST_Biotechnology_paper7.pdf [2.2.2012] & Maddox, C. W. MacNeill, A. Borst, L. Patterson, S. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A TRIPLE DETECTION MODIFIED LIVE VACCINE AGAINST STRANGLES http://www.reeis.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/217828.html [2.2.2012]"
  17. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #657132

    IATE #3571263
    géinscriosadh Tagairt COM-GA
    ga
    Gendeletion
    de
    gene deletion
    en
    Sainmhíniú absence of a segment of DNA which is large enough to encompass one or more entire genes Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: NCBI » Bookshelf » GeneReviews » Illustrated Glossary, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=glossary&rendertype=def-item&id=deletion [5.12.2016]"
    délétion de gène
    fr
    Sainmhíniú perte d’un ou plusieurs gènes contigus sur un chromosome Tagairt "COM-FR, d’après: 1. Le Grand Robert de la langue française en ligne > délétion [9.1.2018] 2. Le Manuel MSD – Version pour professionnels de la santé, «Syndromes de délétion chromosomique», N. Powell-Hamilton et al., http://www.msdmanuals.com/fr/professional/p%C3%A9diatrie/anomalies-chromosomiques-et-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tiques/syndromes-de-d%C3%A9l%C3%A9tion-chromosomique [9.1.2018]"
    Nóta "Les petites délétions intragéniques de quelques bases nucléiques peuvent affecter un gène en décalant le cadre de lecture ou en provoquant la perte d’une partie du gène aboutissant à une perte de fonction du gène. Les délétions importantes peuvent provoquer la perte de plusieurs gènes contigus contenus dans la région impliquée. Selon le nombre de gènes délétés, la fonction des gènes et leur degré d'haploinsuffisance, les délétions peuvent être la cause de maladies génétiques plus ou moins sévères. (Source note: Wikipédia > , https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9l%C3%A9tion_(g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique) [9.1.2018]) Voir aussi: délétion [IATE:1254641 ]"
  18. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #630008

    IATE #1507566
    macasamhlú crómasóim Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Chromosomenduplikation | Duplikation
    de
    Sainmhíniú Verdoppelung eines Chromosomenabschnittes infolge von irregulaerem Crossing-over zwischen zwei Chromatiden nichthomologer Chromosomen an nichthomologen Stellen, von Non-disjunction von Schwesterchromatiden oder infolge von Translokation zwischen homologen Chromosomen Tagairt Reallex Med
    chromosome duplication | duplicating chromosomes | chromosomal duplication | gene duplication | gene amplification
    en
    Sainmhíniú particular kind of mutation involving the production of one or more copies of any piece of DNA, including sometimes a gene or even an entire chromosome Tagairt "MedicineNet.com http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13569 [2.12.2010]"
    Nóta "Not to be confused with chromosomal duplication [ IATE:1684830 ] occurring during the S-phase [ IATE:3524302 ] of the cell cycle [ IATE:1544625 ]"
    duplication
    fr
  19. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology

    #658168

    IATE #3572939
    modhnú géanóim Tagairt "Faofa ag an gCoiste Téarmaíochta, www.tearma.ie ;Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex"
    ga
    Genomeditierung
    de
    Sainmhíniú Modifikation der DNA in einem Lebewesen (das Genom), und insbesondere der DNA-Sequenz, mit molekularbiologischen Methoden Tagairt "Pflanzenforschung.de: Genome Editing (9.1.2024)"
    genome editing | gene editing | genome engineering
    en
    Sainmhíniú "group of new directed mutagenesis techniques that facilitate addition, removal, or alteration of DNA sequences at a specific location in the genome" Tagairt "European Union Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed. Detection of food and feed plant products obtained by new mutagenesis techniques (5.10.2020). 26 March 2019"
    Nóta Genome editing should not be confused with conventional mutation breeding techniques (random mutation of many genes at the same time) or with conventional GMOs (random insertion of new genes).
    réécriture génomique | édition génomique | modification génomique | modification du génome | édition du génome
    fr
    Sainmhíniú procédé qui consiste à modifier, dans une cellule, une séquence déterminée du génome, à l'aide d'une endodésoxyribonucléase opérant une coupure des deux brins d'ADN Tagairt "Conseil-FR, d'après la Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France (DGLFLF), FranceTerme, fiche ""réécriture génomique"" (28.10.2019)"
    Nóta "1. Les nouvelles techniques de modification du génome sont incluses dans un ensemble de techniques appelées New Breeding Techniques (NBT) qui améliorent le ciblage moléculaire des modifications génétiques. La modification de la structure de l’ADN est très ciblée et précise : on parle de réécriture ou d’édition du génome. Comme l’a suggéré récemment un ouvrage de référence, les organismes qui en résultent devraient logiquement être appelés organismes génétiquement édités (OGE) afin d’être distingués des « OGM classiques » qui, jusqu’à présent, sont surtout associés à la technique de trangénèse.2. L’édition génomique est utilisée dans différents domaines : l’agroalimentaire pour produire des espèces améliorées (par exemple des moutons et des veaux avec une masse musculaire accrue en Amérique du sud), l’agronomie (par exemple avec la modification génétique d’espèces végétales envahissantes, pour limiter leur croissance) et bien sûr la santé."
  20. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #617631

    IATE #1073555
    léiriú na géine Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Genexpression | Genausprägung | Expression von Genen
    de
    Sainmhíniú Realisierung der im genetischen Material vorhandenen Information durch Transkription zu RNS als primäre Genprodukte und deren Translation zu Proteinen als sekundäre Genprodukte.Im weiteren Sinne ist die Genexpression auch die Ausprägung des Phänotyps eines Individuums Tagairt Lex.Biochemie,p.239
    gene expression | genetic expression
    en
    Sainmhíniú process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. i.e. a protein in the case of protein-coding genes or a functional RNA in the case of transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:Wikipedia > Gene expression (28.5.2020)"
    Nóta "In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which genotype gives rise to the phenotype. The genetic code is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression products give rise to the organism's phenotype."
    expression génétique | expression de gène | expression des gènes
    fr
    Sainmhíniú Manifestation physiologique quelconque conditionnée par la présence d'un gène ou d'un fragment de gène. Tagairt Biotechnologie,p.385