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43 toradh

  1. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics

    #620195

    IATE #1128144
    eilimint inaistrithe Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    géin léime Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    """springendes"" Gen" | Transposon | transposables Element | springendes Gen
    de
    Sainmhíniú "Transposons sind selten, kommen aber in allen Organismen vor. Sie können ihre Position im Genom ändern und an verschiedenen Stellen ""hineinspringen“. Die Orte, an denen Transposons in das Genom integriert werden, sind in der Regel zufällig. Ein Großteil der natürlichen Mutationen wird durch Transposons verursacht." Tagairt "< http://www.biosicherheit.de/lexikon > (27.04.2004)"
    Nóta DIV: CBA 27/04/2004
    transposon | jumping gene | transposable element
    en
    Sainmhíniú DNA sequences that move from one location on the genome to another Tagairt "Pray, L. (2008), 'Transposons: The jumping genes' (29.5.2020), Nature Education 1(1):204."
    Nóta Transposons are DNA fragments incorporated into the chromosomal DNA. Unlike episomes and prophages, transposons contain a gene producing an enzyme that catalyzes insertion of the transposon at a new site. They also have repeated sequences 20-40 nucleotides in length at each end. Insertion sequences are short (600-1500 base pairs long) simple transposons that do not carry genes beyond those essential for insertion of the transposon into E. coli. Complex transposons are much larger and carry additional genes. Genes incorporated in a complex transposon are known as jumping genes since they can move about on the chromosome (even from chromosome to chromosome). Often the complex transposons are flanked by simple transposons.
    gène sauteur | élément génétique transposable | transposon | élément instable | élément mobile | élément transposable | gène mobile
    fr
    Sainmhíniú segment d'ADN qui peut se déplacer d'un point à un autre du génome d'un organisme, ce qui provoque des mutations sans cause apparente ; Fragment d'ADN susceptible de se déplacer d'un endroit du génome dans un autre. Note : 1. Les transposons sont composés de deux courtes séquences répétées inverses encadrant les gènes codant pour leurs fonctions de mobilité. 2. Les transposons bactériens portent souvent des gènes codant pour des protéines qui confèrent une résistance à un agent toxique. Tagairt "Biofutur,février 1986 ; < http://www.ens-lyon.fr/RELIE/PCR/glossary/t.htm > (19/05/2004)"
    Nóta SYN/ANT: élément instable, n.m., élément mobile, n.m., élément transposable, n.m., gène sauteur, n.m., gène mobile, n.m.;CONTEXT: Génétique moléculaire - Génie génétique
  3. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #634460

    IATE #1684876
    géin nasctha Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gekoppeltes Gen
    de
    linked gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú gene found close together with another one on a chromosome and with which will tend to be inherited together and hence does not follow normal Mendelian inheritance Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:- Wikipedia > Genetic linkage (13.4.2021)- Cornell, B. 2016. 'Linked Genes' (13.4.2021). BioNinja"
    Nóta "1) Genetic linkage is the most prominent exception to Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.2) Thomas Hunt Morgan provided a key contribution to our current understanding of gene linkage by discovering non-Mendelian ratios in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies). His breeding experiments involving fruit flies clearly demonstrated that linked genes were not independently assorted."
    gène lié
    fr
    Sainmhíniú gène dont le locus est situé suffisamment près de celui d'un autre gène pour qu'ils soient cotransférés lors de la reproduction sexuée Tagairt Dict.de génétique,CILF,1991
  4. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #634461

    IATE #1684881
    géin neodrach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    neutrales Gen
    de
    neutral gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú gene that is not affected by positive or negative selective pressures Tagairt "OECD. Test No. 488: Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4. ISSN: 2074-5788 (online). ISBN: 9789264203907 (PDF), http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/9713251e.pdf?expires=1413541585&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=D70FC5C978E208B6186F77E45D428931 [17.10.2014]"
    gène neutre
    fr
    Sainmhíniú gène codant pour un caractère au niveau duquel il n'a pas été possible de mettre en évidence un quelconque avantage ou désavantage sélectif Tagairt Dict.de génétique,CILF,1991
  5. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences

    #659619

    IATE #3576776
    géin nimhneachta Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Virulenzgen
    de
    virulence gene | virulence-related gene | VRG
    en
    Sainmhíniú "gene whose presence or activity in an organism's genome [ IATE:1073540 ] is responsible for the pathogenicity [ IATE:1535398 ] of an infective agent [ IATE:1529231 ]" Tagairt "Oxford English Dictionary > virulence gene, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/virulence_gene [23.5.2018]"
    Nóta "See also:- virulence [ IATE:1450729 ]"
    gène de virulence
    fr
    Sainmhíniú forme allélique d'un gène présente chez un parasite lui permettant de manifester un certain degré de virulence à l'égard d'un hôte dépourvu de résistance vis-à-vis de ce parasite Tagairt "Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de médecine (version 2018) > gène de virulence, http://dictionnaire.academie-medecine.fr/index.php?q=g%C3%A8ne+de+virulence [10.7.2018]"
  6. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #617578

    IATE #1073411
    géin rialaitheach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Regulatorgen | regulatorisches Element | Regulator-Gen | Steuerungselement
    de
    Sainmhíniú dominantes Gen, das mittels einer von ihm gebildeten Repressorsubstanz über Aktivität oder Inaktivität eines zugeordneten Operons (funktionelle Einheit in einer DNS-Kette) entscheidet (vgl. Roche lexikon Medizin S. 1352). Tagairt ---
    regulator gene | regulatory gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes Tagairt "Wikipedia > Regulator gene (6.4.2021)"
    Nóta "See also:- structural gene"
    gène régulateur | gène de régulation | gène de la régulation | gène de contrôle
    fr
    Sainmhíniú gène dont le produit est une protéine régulatrice contrôlant l'expression de gènes de structure Tagairt Dictionnaire de biologie, J. Polonovski, Conseil international de la langue française (2000), ISBN: 2 85319-278-4 [15.1.2015]
    Nóta "Voir aussi:gène de structure [ IATE:1073327 ]"
  7. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #664372

    IATE #3591865
    géin sainfhíocháin Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    tissue-specific gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú gene that is expressed at higher levels in a subset of tissues relative to the baseline expression across all tissues Tagairt "Robert Y. Yang, Jie Quan, Reza Sodaei, Francois Aguet, Ayellet V. Segrè, John A. Allen, Thomas A. Lanz, Veronica Reinhart, Matthew Crawford, Samuel Hasson, GTEx Consortium, Kristin G. Ardlie, Roderic Guigó, Hualin S. Xi. 'A systematic survey of human tissue-specific gene expression and splicing reveals new opportunities for therapeutic target identification and evaluation' (17.11.2020). bioRxiv 311563"
  8. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #622684

    IATE #1222844
    géin scoilte Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gestückeltes Gen | Mosaikgen
    de
    Sainmhíniú "Gen, bei dem für ein Protein codierende Sequenzen (Exons IATE:1073365 ) und nicht-codierende Bereiche (Introns IATE:1073366 ) abwechselnd aufeinander folgen" Tagairt "wissen.de http://www.wissen.de/lexikon/mosaikgene (9.1.2017)"
    split gene | interrupted gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú "gene containing coding regions (exons) that are interrupted by noncoding regions (introns)" Tagairt "'split genes' (1.3.2021), Robert C. King, Pamela K. Mulligan, and William D. Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.), Oxford University Press, Current Online Version: 2014"
    gène en mosaïque
    fr
    Sainmhíniú Lors de la synthèse des protéines à partir de l' ADN complet, après la transcription de l' ARN à partir de l'ADN, les introns sont excisés et les exons sont réunis par épissage en une molécule continue Tagairt ---
  9. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science · SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|pharmaceutical industry

    #621907

    IATE #1196430
    frith-oncaigéin Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    géin sochta siada Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Anti-Onkogen | Tumorsuppressionsgen | Tumorsuppressorgen | Antionkogen | Tumor-Suppressor-Gen
    de
    Sainmhíniú Gen, dessen Produkte die unkontrollierte Teilung genomisch geschädigter Zellen unterdrücken, und dadurch die Entstehung von Tumoren verhindern können Tagairt "DocCheckFlexikon, s. v. „Tumorsuppressorgen“, http://flexikon.doccheck.com/de/Tumorsuppressorgen (30.9.2017)"
    Nóta Anti-Onkogene (Tumor-Suppressor-Gene) zählen wie Proto-Onkogene zu den normalen Genen einer gesunden Zelle. Über ihre Genprodukte kontrollieren sie das Wachstums- und Differenzierungsverhalten der Zellen und wirken im Sinne von negativen Regulatoren. Dadurch wirken sie der Tumorentstehung entgegen, weshalb sie auch als Tumor-Suppressor-Gene bezeichnet werden. Mutationen können zum Verlust dieser Funktion führen, indem ein fehlerhaftes oder gar kein Genprodukt gebildet wird. So kommt es auch hierdurch zu einem deregulierten Zellwachstum.
    tumour-suppressor gene | tumour suppressor gene | anti-oncogene | tumor-suppressor gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. When this gene is mutated to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes Tagairt "Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene [28.5.2010]"
    anti-oncogène | gène suppresseur de tumeur | antioncogène
    fr
    Sainmhíniú il bloque le développement des cellules cancéreuses en inhibant les gènes qui participent à la transformation maligne Tagairt COM(88)647 final
  10. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #617541

    IATE #1073327
    géin struchtúrach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Struktur-Gen | Strukturgen | verschlüsselter Bauplan
    de
    Sainmhíniú Strukturgene codieren für die Primärstruktur der Enzymproteine.Für das An-und Abschalten der Funktion der Strukturgene ist der Operator verantwortlich.Der Promotor ist der Startpunkt der RNS-Synthese.Diese drei Gentypen bilden zusammen eine Steuereinheit die Operon heisst. Tagairt Spiegel 52/82
    structural gene
    en
    Sainmhíniú sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a protein or for a nontranslated RNA molecule Tagairt "David P. Clark, Nanette J. Pazdernik, Michelle R. McGehee. 'Molecular Biology' (6.4.2021). Academic Press 2019"
    Nóta "See also:- cistron- regulator gene"
    gène de structure
    fr
    Sainmhíniú gène dont le produit est un enzyme ou une protéine intervenant dans la structure cellulaire Tagairt Dictionnaire de biologie, J. Berthet, De boeck (2006), ISBN: 978-2-8041-2798-5 [15.1.2015]
    Nóta "On oppose ces gènes aux gènes régulateurs et à ceux dont le produit est un ARN non traduit en protéine (ARNr ou ARNt)(Source: ibidem)Voir aussi: gène régulateur [ IATE:1073411 ]"
  11. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology

    #636193

    IATE #1878625
    gunna géinte Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene gun | gene-gun
    en
    Sainmhíniú "apparatus used for biolistic transfections" Tagairt Gloss. of Rice Technology, 2001, IRRI
    canon à gènes | canon à particules | microcanon | pistolet à gènes | """fusil à gènes"""
    fr
    Sainmhíniú cylindre métallique fixe dans lequel est propulsé un macroprojectile recouvert de microbilles de tungstène enrobées d'ADN vers les cellules immobilisées d'un végétal afin d'obtenir par modifications génétiques des céréales transgéniques plus fertiles Tagairt Cahier de termes nouveaux,RINT,1992
  12. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|biotechnology

    #636189

    IATE #1878572
    inleagan géine Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    gene knock-in | gene KI
    en
    Sainmhíniú genetic engineering method that involves the one-for-one substitution of DNA sequence information in a genetic locus or the insertion of sequence information not found within the locus Tagairt "Wikipedia > Gene knock-in (13.4.2021)"
    Nóta "The difference between knock-in technology and traditional transgenic techniques is that a knock-in involves a gene inserted into a specific locus, and is thus a ""targeted"" insertion. It is the opposite of gene knockout. A common use of knock-in technology is for the creation of disease models. It is a technique by which scientific investigators may study the function of the regulatory machinery (e.g. promoters) that governs the expression of the natural gene being replaced. This is accomplished by observing the new phenotype of the organism in question."
    knock-in
    fr
  13. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics

    #602987

    IATE #261542
    ionduchtú géine Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Induktion
    de
    induction | gene induction
    en
    Sainmhíniú stimulated increase in the expression of a specific, target gene of a cellular organism Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: Bacteriophage Ecology Group. Induction (12.4.2021)"
    Nóta Most organisms are cellular organisms. Viruses, by contrast, do not consist of cells, and therefore are acellular.
    induction
    fr
    Sainmhíniú En virologie, ensemble des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires conduisant au déclenchement de l'expression d'un gène spécifique étudié chez les bactéries ou les levures. Tagairt ---
  14. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #617631

    IATE #1073555
    léiriú na géine Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Genexpression | Genausprägung | Expression von Genen
    de
    Sainmhíniú Realisierung der im genetischen Material vorhandenen Information durch Transkription zu RNS als primäre Genprodukte und deren Translation zu Proteinen als sekundäre Genprodukte.Im weiteren Sinne ist die Genexpression auch die Ausprägung des Phänotyps eines Individuums Tagairt Lex.Biochemie,p.239
    gene expression | genetic expression
    en
    Sainmhíniú process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. i.e. a protein in the case of protein-coding genes or a functional RNA in the case of transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on:Wikipedia > Gene expression (28.5.2020)"
    Nóta "In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which genotype gives rise to the phenotype. The genetic code is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression products give rise to the organism's phenotype."
    expression génétique | expression de gène | expression des gènes
    fr
    Sainmhíniú Manifestation physiologique quelconque conditionnée par la présence d'un gène ou d'un fragment de gène. Tagairt Biotechnologie,p.385
  15. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations

    #624572

    IATE #1267205
    luch géin ar lár Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Knockout-Maus
    de
    Sainmhíniú Maus, bei der mittels einer genetischen Manipulation gezielt ein oder mehrere Gene deaktiviert wurden Tagairt "Wikipedia, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout-Maus (30.1.2009)"
    Nóta diese Manipulation geschieht an den embryonalen Stammzellen (von Mäusen), die dann in die Keimbahn einer Maus eingebracht werden
    knockout mouse | knock-out mouse, knock-out mice, knockout mice, knock out mouse, knock out mice
    en
    Sainmhíniú genetically engineered mouse in which one or more genes have been turned off through a targeted mutation Tagairt "Wikipedia > Knockout mouse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_mouse [26.7.2010]"
    Nóta "Knocking out the activity of a gene provides information about what that gene normally does. Humans share many genes with mice. Consequently, observing the characteristics of knockout mice gives researchers information that can be used to better understand how a similar gene may cause or contribute to disease in humans.Wikipedia > Knockout mouse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_mouse [26.7.2010]"
    souris knock-out | souris KO
    fr
    Sainmhíniú souris dont on a inactivé précisément un gène Tagairt Banque des mots,Cilf,N°59,2000
  16. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #619222

    IATE #1106507
    measúnacht ar ghéin mharfach chúlaitheach ghnéasnasctha Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Test zur Erfassung geschlechtsgebundener rezessiver Letalmutationen | SLRL-Test
    de
    sex-linked recessive lethal assay | sex-linked recessive lethal test | SLRL test
    en
    Sainmhíniú test which detects the occurrence of mutations, both point mutations and small deletions, in the germ line of the insect Drosophila melanogaster Tagairt "COM-EN, based on: Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) CELEX:32008R0440/EN"
    épreuve du gène létal récessif lié au sexe | test de létalité récessive liée au sexe | épreuve de létalité récessive liée au sexe | épreuve SLRL | test SLRL
    fr
  17. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences · PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH|technology and technical regulations|technology

    #648436

    IATE #3541817
    modhnú géine Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Genveränderung
    de
    gene modification
    en
    Sainmhíniú deletion, change, addition of a gene in an organism Tagairt "COM-EN, based on:Council for Responsible Genetics. POSITION PAPER ON HUMAN GERMLINE MANIPULATION http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/ViewPage.aspx?pageId=101 [9.3.2012]"
    modification génique | modification génétique
    fr
  18. SOCIAL QUESTIONS|health|medical science

    #631916

    IATE #1585822
    peiptíd gaolmhar le géin an chailceatoinin Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    calcitonin gene-related peptide | CGRP
    en
    Sainmhíniú 37-amino acid neuropeptide found among neuroendocrine cells, sensory C fibers, blood vesssels and lymphoid tissues in the normal lung Tagairt "Respiratory Research > Research > Calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulates proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells > 2009 Kawanami et al, http://respiratory-research.com/content/10/1/8 (15.7.2009)"
  19. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology|genetics · SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #631931

    IATE #1588413
    rialú géine Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    Gen-Regulierung | Genregulierung
    de
    gene regulation | gene control
    en
    Sainmhíniú "mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of a gene" Tagairt "'Gene regulation' (28.5.2020). Nature"
    Nóta These include structural and chemical changes to the genetic material, binding of proteins to specific DNA elements to regulate transcription, or mechanisms that modulate translation of mRNA.
    régulation génique | régulation génétique | régulation des gènes
    fr
  20. SCIENCE|natural and applied sciences|life sciences|biology

    #664370

    IATE #3591860
    rialúchán géine iar-aistritheach Tagairt Faomhadh an téarma seo mar chuid de Thionscadal Lex
    ga
    post-translational regulation | post-translational gene regulation | post-transcriptional down-regulation
    en
    Sainmhíniú control of the gene expression into protein after RNA has been transported to the cytoplasm Tagairt "COM-Terminology Coordination, based on: OpenStax. Biology 2e. '84 Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation' (17.11.2020)"
    Nóta "It is performed either by means of reversible events (post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or sequestration) or by means of irreversible events (proteolysis)."